QUESTION 1

1. In science studies, which variable is the one theorized to be the 'influencing' (e.g., 'causal') variable?
2. a.The Independent variable
3. b.The Dependent variable
4. c.A Control variable
5. d.The Schematic variable

1 points

QUESTION 2

1. Why type of research is most useful for informing organizational decisions?
2. a.'Basic' research studies describing the what seems to be true for most companies.
3. b.'Qualitative' research that yields a number of hypotheses to test.
4. c.'Academic' research produced by methodological experts (e.g., scholars).
5. d.'Applied' research that tests hypotheses as they pertain to the organization itself.

1 points

QUESTION 3

1. Which P-value (significance) would provide the most convincing evidence for a relationship between two variables?
2. 5.000
3. 0.500
4. 0.050
5. 0.005

1 points

QUESTION 4

1. Which of the following is NOT a type of variable used in establishing cause-and-effect?
2. a.Qualitative variable
3. b.Categorical variable
4. c.Ordinal variable
5. d.Numeric variable

1 points

QUESTION 5

1. What procedure is used to determine the extent to which there is a statistical relationship between variables when both the Independent and Dependent variables are Numeric?
2. Chi-Square (2)
3. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
4. Logistic Regression (via an odds ratio)
5. Correlation (R2)

1 points

QUESTION 6

1. Which of the following descriptive statistics is utilized to summarize Categorical variables?
2. a.Proportions (%s)
3. b.Averages
4. c.Standard deviations
5. d.Skew

1 points

QUESTION 7

1. In a test to determine the extent to which 'salary' influences 'job satisfaction,' 'job satisfaction' is considered to be the:
2. a.The Independent variable
3. b.The Dependent variable
4. c.A Control variable
5. d.The Schematic variable

1 points

QUESTION 8

1. What procedure is used to determine the extent to which there is a statistical relationship when both the Independent and Dependent variables are Categorical?
2. a.Chi-Square (2)
3. b.Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
4. c.Logistic Regression (via an odds ratio)
5. d.Correlation (R2)

1 points

QUESTION 9

1. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test is conducted for the relationship between Company Division (e.g., manufacturing, sales, accounting, etc.) and 'turnover rate' (per 1000 employees) and yields a 'significance value' (e.g., P-value) of 0.75.What should a decision maker conclude?
2. a.Company Division is very unlikely to be related to 'turnover rate.'
3. b.There is marginal support for the idea that Company Division related to 'turnover rate.'
4. c.There is good support for the idea that Company Division related to 'turnover rate.'
5. d.There is strong support for the idea that Company Division related to 'turnover rate.'

1 points

QUESTION 10

1. Which of these variables would be classified as an Ordinal variable?
2. a.Variable a. Possible values: (Continent) North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia
3. b.Variable b. Possible values: ('Agreement') strongly disagree, disagree, neither agree or disagree, agree, strongly agree
4. c.Variable c. Possible values: (Years of age) 18, 19, 20, 21 ....
5. d.Variable d. Possible values: (Orders/month) 0, 1, 2, 3, ... 30, 31, 32 ....

1 points

QUESTION 11

1. What procedure is used to determine the extent to which there is a relationship between a Categorical Independent variable and a Numeric Dependent variable?
2. a.hi-Square (2)
3. b.Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
4. c.Logistic Regression (via an odds ratio)
5. d.Correlation (R2)

1 points

QUESTION 12

1. Which of the following descriptive statistics is utilized to summarize Numeric variables?
2. a.Proportions (%s)
3. b.Averages
4. c.Epsilon
5. d.Kogan-Page

1 points

QUESTION 13

1. Of the four (4) elements required to establish 'cause-and-effect' (whether one variable influences another), which one requires a conclusion based on probability/statistics?
2. a.Is there a logical reason (e.g., theory) that explains 'why?' one variable would influence the other?
3. b.Is the 'temporal' logic sound? (That is, does the supposed 'causing' variable change before the 'effected' variable)?
4. c.Is there 'concomitant variation' between the two variables? (Is a change in the 'causing' variable reflected by a change in the 'effected' variable?)
5. d.Are there any other variables (than the supposed 'causing' variable) that better explain changes in the 'effected' variable?

1 points

QUESTION 14

1. Which test should be used to determine if there is a relationship between the age of a CEO and the percent (of retained earnings) spent on Research & Development?
2. a.Chi-Square (2)
3. b.Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
4. c.Logistic Regression (via an odds ratio)
5. d.Correlation (R2)

1 points

QUESTION 15

1. A Chi-Square test is conducted to determine if there is a relationship between US Geographic region of residence (e.g., New England, Southeast, Central, etc.) and cola brand preference (Coke, Pepsi, Etc.) yields a P-value of 0.001.What should a decision maker conclude?
2. a.Region of residence is very unlikely to be related to cola brand preference
3. b.There is marginal support for the idea that Region of residence is related cola brand preference.
4. c.There is good support for the idea that Region of residence is related cola brand preference.
5. d.There is strong support for the idea that Region of residence is related cola brand preference.