QUESTION 1 Is there any place on Earth where we can see stars rise in the west and set in the east (rather than rising in the east and setting in the west)? Why or why not? C) no, because the stars that rise in the west and set in the east are too dim to be seen by the naked eye no, because the rising and setting of stars is caused by Earth's west to east rotation 0 yes, in the Southern Hemisphere, because the sky appears backward there O yes, on Earth's equator, because it is halfway between the poles QUESTION 2 How many arcminutes are in 1? 60 O 360 O 3600 O 100 0 10,000 QUESTION 3 Why do we see essentially the same face of the Moon at all times? 0 because the other face points toward us only at new moon, when we can't see the Moon 0 because the Moon has a nearly circular orbit around Earth because the Moon's rotational and orbital periods are equal 0 because the Sun illuminates only one half of the Moon at a time 0 because the Moon does not rotate QUESTION 4 Kepler's third law, p2 = a3, implies that O a planet's orbital period does not depend on the eccentricity of its orbit. O planets that are farther from the Sun move at slower average speeds than nearer planets. 0 all orbits with the same semimajor axis have the same period. 0 the orbital period of a planet does not depend on its mass. 0 All of the above are correct. QUESTION 5 Tonight Mars is in the portion of its orbit where we see it undergoing apparent retrograde motion. Which statement is true? 0 Mars will not be visible because it is above the horizon only in the daytime. 0 Mars will be relatively bright in the night sky. 0 Mars will be visible in the night sky, but will appear much fainter than it does at other times. 0 Mars will rise in the west and set in the east. QUESTION 6 The line representing latitude 45 degrees north runs through the state of Michigan. In Michigan, when is the Sun is directly overhead, at your zenith? 0 only on the summer solstice, noon 0 every day 0 only on the spring and fall equinoxes 0 never QUESTION 7 In addition to the conditions required for any solar eclipse, what must also be true in order for you to observe a total solar eclipse? (9 The Moon's full shadow (umbra) must touch the area where you are located. 0 Earth must lie completely within the Moon's full shadow (umbra). O The Moon's partial shadow (penumbra) must touch the area where you are located. 0 Earth must be near aphelion in its orbit of the Sun. QUESTION 26 If Earth's rotation slowed down so that it completed exactly one rotation about its axis in 100 hours (instead of 24), what would be the typical time interval between sunrise and sunset? O 50 hours 0 24 hours 0 25 hours O 100 hours O 12 hours QUESTION 27 The conditions required for a lunar eclipse are 0 (1) the phase of the Moon must be full; (2) the Moon must be located at the nearest point in its orbit around Earth. O (1) the phase of the Moon must be full; (2) the nodes of the Moon's orbit must be nearly aligned with Earth and the Sun. O (1) the phase of the Moon must be new; (2) the nodes of the Moon's orbit must be needy aligned with Earth and the Sun. 0 (1) the phase of the Moon must be new; (2) the Moon must be located at the nearest point in its orbit around Earth. 0 (1) the phase of the Moon can be either new or full; (2) the nodes of the Moon's orbit must be nearly aligned with Earth and the Sun. QUESTION 28 Suppose that Earth's rotation axis were tilted by 45 degrees instead of 23.5 degrees. Which of the following would be true, and why? O The seasons would be less extreme, because the Earths' surface would be farther from the Sun in the summer and closer to the Sun in the winter. O The seasons would be less extreme, because the Sun's rays would be less direct in summer and more direct in winter. O The seasons would be more extreme, because the Earth's surface would be closer to the Sun in the summer and farther from the Sun in the winter. 0 The seasons would be more extreme, because the Sun's rays would be more direct in summer and less direct in winter. QUE) I IUN '1 Suppose you live in the United States and you see a crescent moon in your evening sky tonight. What will a friend in South America see tonight? 0 a rst-quarter moon 0 a gibbous moon 0 a crescent moon 0 Your friend won't see the Moon tonight, because in South America, it will be visible only in the morning. QUESTION 22 Suppose you live on the Moon. When people on Earth see a rst-quarter phase, what phase do you see for Earth? 0 crescent Earth 0 rst-quarter Earth O third-quarter Earth 0 new Earth 0 full Earth QUESTION 23 What is the saros cycle? 0 the average time between total solar eclipses O the 26,000 year cycle over which Earth's axis sweeps out a cone in space 0 the approximately 18-year, 11-day cycle over which the pattern of eclipses repeats O the average time between a total solar eclipse and a total lunar eclipse 0 the roughly 6-month period between eclipse seasons The point along a planet's orbit where it is closest to the Sun is called the orbit's O perihelion. 0 period. 0 semimajor axis. 0 eccentricity. O aphelion. QUESTION 1 5 Kepler's second law, which states that as a planet moves around its orbit it sweeps out equal areas in equal times, implies that O the period of a planet does not depend on its mass. 0 planets that are farther from the Sun move at slower average speeds than nearer planets. O a planet travels faster when it is nearer to the Sun and slower when it is farther from the Sun. 0 planets have circular orbits. O a planet's period does not depend on the eccentricity of its orbit. QUESTION 16 Suppose Earth's rotation axis were tilted by 45 degrees instead of 23.5 degrees. How would the number of daylight hours be different on December 21 in the United States (or any northern hemisphere country)? 0 There would be more hours of daylight than we have with a 23.5 degree tilt. O The number of daylight hours would be about the same as it is if its tilt were 23.5 degrees. 0 There would be fewer hours of daylight than we have with a 23.5 degree tilt