Question $1$: List some input and output devices of computers.

Question $2$: What is the difference between volatile memory and nonvolatile

memory? For each kind of memory, please give an example.

Question $3$: By searching on google or Internet, please study about bus

clock.

Question $4$: Consider three different processors P$1,$ P$2,$ and P$3$ executing the

same instruction set. P$1$ has a $3GHz$ clock rate and a CPI of $1\mathrm{.}5.$ P$2$ has a $2\mathrm{.}5$

$GHz$ clock rate and a CPI of $1\mathrm{.}0.$ P$3$ has a $4\mathrm{.}0GHz$ clock rate and has a CPI of

$2\mathrm{.}2.$

a$.$ Which processor has the highest performance expressed in instructions

per second?

b$.$ If the processors each execute a program in $10$ seconds, find the number

of cycles and the number of instructions.

c$.$ We are trying to reduce the execution time by $30\%$ but this leads to an

increase of $20\%$ in the CPI. What clock rate should we have to get this time

reduction?

Question $5$: Consider two different implementations of the same instruction

set architecture. The instructions can be divided into four classes according

to their CPI $($class A$,$ B$,$ C$,$ and D$).$ P$1$ with a clock rate of $2\mathrm{.}5GHz$ and CPIs of

$1,2,3,$ and $3,$ and $P2$ with a clock rate of $3GHz$ and CPIs of $2,2,2,$ and $2.$

Given a program with a dynamic instruction count of $1\mathrm{.}0E6$ instructions

divided into classes as follows: $10\%$ class A$,20\%$ class B$,50\%$ class C$,$ and

$20\%$ class D$,$ which is faster: P$1$ or P$2?$

a$.$ What is the global CPI for each implementation?

b$.$ Find the clock cycles required in both cases.