Question 1:

States Biden Won Are Leading On Vaccines. Trump States Lag - NPR.pdf

In June 2021 articles started to appear that reported on the large divide in COVID-19 vaccination rates and the divide between states that elect Republicans (red states) and those that elect Democrats (blue states). Read the attached article published on the National Public Radio website,https://www.npr.org/2021/06/09/1004430257/theres-a-stark-red-blue-divide-when-it-comes-to-states-vaccination-rates. Comment on the following:

What are the independent and dependent variables: 1) Vaccination Rates and2) Electing Democrats or Republicans?

Does the independent variable presented in this article perfectly predict the dependent variable? Explain your answer.

Question 2:

Every Statistics textbook states that correlation is not causation. What are the differences between correlation and causation? Discuss the ways causal relationships are established.

Question 3:

What are spurious correlations? Why are they sometimes considered dangerously misleading? Search the Internet and find dangerously misleading spurious correlations that lead people astray. Find some funny spurious correlations too. Be sure to identify whether the spurious correlations you found are humorous or dangerous.

Question 4:

Chi-Square tests are nonparametric tests. Discuss the following:

a. What are the differences between parametric tests and nonparametric tests?

b. What are the requirements for Chi-Square tests?

c. What are the limitations of Chi-Square tests?

d. What is the big advantage of some types of Chi-Square tests over a Two-Sample Test for Proportions?

Question 5:

How are the treatments in an ANOVA test similar to independent and dependent variables? How are they different?