QUESTION 1

1. The following are the components of the scientific method: ask a question basedon observing a pattern, form a hypothesis from theory to answer the question, collect data, run analyses, interpret the results to assess whether or not the hypothesis is supported by empirical evidence.

True

False

0.12 points

QUESTION 2

1. Which of the following best represents a hypothesis?

To what extent does smart phone use while in bed keep people awake later at night?

People who use their smart phones in bed will fall asleep later at night than people who don't use their smart phones in bed.

Some people experience poorer sleep quality than other people.

Smart phone use has many positive and negative effects on people.

0.12 points

QUESTION 3

1. Which concept represents the dependent variable in the following scenario? Martha studied domestic violence, and found that rates increased during quarantine times due to COVID-19.

Domestic violence

Quarantine times

COVID-19

None of the options

0.12 points

QUESTION 4

1. Which concept represents the independent variable in the following scenario. Juan studied annual oil output in Western North Dakota, and found that the number of barrels per year changed in relation to how frequently U.S. representatives met with representatives from Saudi Arabia, but the number did not change based on how frequently U.S. representatives met with representatives from Russia.

Number of barrels per year

Frequency U.S. representatives meet with representatives from Saudi Arabia

Frequency U.S. representatives meet with representatives from Russia

None of the options

0.12 points

QUESTION 5

1. Statistics are used as tools to understand social and physical patterns and to solve problems in our social and physical worlds.

True

False

0.12 points

QUESTION 6

1. Statistical inference means that we are suggesting with a certain level of probability that findings from a sample of data are likely to be the same in the population.

True

False

0.12 points

QUESTION 7

1. A "p value" of 0.05 (p=0.05) equals 5% probability.

True

False

0.12 points

QUESTION 8

1. If we wanted to estimate the center of the distribution for U.S. household income, which is highly skewed where most households have incomes within a certain range and a much smaller proportion of households make a lot of money, which statistic would be the best one to use?

Mean

Median

Mode

Standard deviation

0.12 points

QUESTION 9

1. If we wanted to estimate whether North Dakota had more variation in ages with respect to people who have been charged for using illegal substances or if Minnesota had more variation in ages with respect to people who have been charged for using illegal substances, which statistic would we use?

Chi-square test

ANOVA

Standard deviation

Mean / average

0.12 points

QUESTION 10

1. The alternative hypothesis is the same thing as the research hypothesis.

True

False

0.12 points

QUESTION 11

1. Which is one of the assumptions of hypothesis testing?

The data were collected using a random sampling technique.

The sample size is over a 1,000 people.

Data on people's demographic charateristics were collected.

All of these options.

0.12 points

QUESTION 12

1. A "p value" of p = .000 means that something went wrong with the statistics.

True

False

0.12 points

QUESTION 13

1. If some statistical outcome is considered statistically significant it means that it is unlikely that we got bad data; it is unlikely that the random sampling technique gathered people by chance who aren't like everyone else; it's unlikely that the patterns seen in the sample are not also present in the population; it's unlikely that the groups of interest have the same outcomes in the population; it's unlikely that one variable does not affect another variable in the population. In other words, the relationship between the variables of interest is likely legitimate and therefore would be present in the population too if we could doa census.

True

False

0.12 points

QUESTION 14

1. If two confidence intervals overlap, we can't tell which category has a higher percentage in the population. For example, if a 2,000 person survey showed that political candidate A has 43% of the vote with a confidence interval of 40% to 46% and political candidate B has 38% of the vote with a confidence interval of 35% to 41%, it is possible that political candidate B may have a greater percent of the vote in the population.

True

False

0.12 points

QUESTION 15

1. Why do we test the null hypothesis and not directly test the research hypothesis?

Because the null hypothesis means no difference, no significant effect.

Because we can't identify a cause with 100% assurety, making it safer to reject unlikely situations/causes.

We don't; we do directly test the research hypothesis.

All of the options.

0.12 points

QUESTION 16

1. If we wanted to see if a certain set of cells were different on average compared to some known average regarding a population of cells, which statistic would we use?

ANOVA

Chi-square

Correlation

One-sample t test

0.12 points

QUESTION 17

1. If we wanted to see if there was a statistically significant relationship between political party affiliation (1=GOP, 2=Democrat, 3=Independent, 4=Other) and opinions about whether or not mask wearing is important to control the spread of COVID-19 (1=Yes, 2=No), which statistic would we use?

ANOVA

Kendall's tau-b

Chi-square

Eta-squared

0.12 points

QUESTION 18

1. If we wanted to see if there was a significant difference in the average reaction time between male video game players, female video game players, and male or female non-video game players, which statistic would we use?

Gamma

ANOVA

Lambda

Two-sample t test

0.12 points

QUESTION 19

1. If we wanted to see if there was a significant difference in the average number of hours in housework performed by husbands versus wives, which statistic would we use?

Two sample t test

Chi-square test

Correlation

Eta-squared

0.12 points

QUESTION 20

1. If we wanted to see if there was a strong relationship between education status (1=less than high, 2=high school degree, 3=some college, and 4=college or more) and the opinion that it is okay to ghost someone, which may be described as ending all communication with a person unexpectedly and without any explanation (1=strongly agree, 2=somewhat agree, 3=neither agree nor disagree, 4=somewhat disagree, 5=strongly disagree), which statistic would we use?

Lamdda

Gamma or Kendall's tau-b

Correlation

Eta-squared

0.12 points

QUESTION 21

1. If both of our variables were interval-ratio, which measure of association should we use to assess the strength and direction of the relationship?

Eta-squared

Lambda

Correlation

ANOVA

0.12 points

QUESTION 22

1. OLS regression can help us make predictions about some outcome, such as how much money someone will earn based on their years of education.

True

False

0.12 points

QUESTION 23

1. A slope coefficient in OLS regression tells us the score on the dependent variable when the independent variable is zero.

True

False

0.12 points

QUESTION 24

1. A slope coefficient in OLS regression tells us for every unit increase on the independent variable we can expect a certain increase or decrease on the dependent variable

True

False

0.12 points

QUESTION 25

1. Ultimately, statistics are a powerful tool to help us understand our existence and make life better, but they are based on assumptions and they can be manipulated by people or groups with agendas. So, it helps to understand the statistics that we see in the real world so that we can think critically about what people are telling us.

True

False