QUESTION 1 The ratio of successful identification and apprehension of offenders to unsolved crimes is known as ________.

A. Discovery crimes

B. Clearance rate

C. Involvement crimes

D. Discovery and involvement crimes

QUESTION 2 What is the nonlegal term for the laboratory work used to establish linkages between the crime scene, victim, and offender?

A. Criminalistics

B. Criminal profiling

C. Associative evidence

D. Physical evidence

QUESTION 3 This principle is essential to linking an offender and a weapon to a crime scene, but it also explains why it is crucial to shield the crime scene from possible contaminants.

A. Associative evidence theory

B. Physical evidence theory

C. Chain of evidence principle

D. Locard exchange principle

QUESTION 4 What is the responsibility of the first uniformed officer to arrive at the crime scene?

A. To follow up on leads for suspects

B. To conduct a preliminary investigation

C. To follow up on leads for suspects and to conduct a preliminary investigation

D. None of the above

QUESTION 5 An individual who is able to charm his or her victims, but has a complete void of empathy that is often manifested in sadistic sexual pleasure is known as a(n) ________.

A. Psychopath

B. Asocial offender

C. Organized nonsocial offender

D. Psychopath and organized nonsocial offender

QUESTION 6 The presence of witnesses and/or physical evidence, known as ________, can potentially affect the probability of successfully concluding a case.

A. Physical evidence

B. Solvability factors

C. Associative evidence

D. Contaminants

QUESTION 7 A rapist who has his victims say "I love you" during the act is leaving his "behavioral fingerprint" because it is directly tied to his fantasy element regarding the crime. This element is known as the ________.

A. Modus operandi

B. Signature

C. Associative evidence

D. Signature and associative evidence

QUESTION 8 If someone takes something from a crime scene or leaves something behind at the scene, or even moves something from its original position at the scene, these ________ might lead investigators to make some false initial conclusions.

A. Discovery crimes

B. Physical evidence factors

C. Contaminants

D. Solvability factors

QUESTION 9 Preliminary investigations are conducted by experienced detectives.

A. True

B. False

QUESTION 10 Solvability factors can determine the probability of successfully concluding the case.

A. True

B. False

QUESTION 11 The organized-disorganized typology refers to correlating crime scene elements with key personality characteristics.

A. True

B. False

QUESTION 12 Criminal profiling uses behavioral evidence found at the scene to predict the modus operandi.

A. True

B. False

QUESTION 13 A sociopath is an organized nonsocial offender.

A. True

B. False

QUESTION 14 The disorganized asocial offender is a schizoid personality.

A. True

B. False

QUESTION 15 This level of force is not intended to be deadly, but rather to subdue the suspect so as to avoid harm to the officer or anyone in the surrounding area.

A. Command presence

B. Command voice

C. Lethal force

D. Less-than-lethal force

QUESTION 16 Under what circumstances are police allowed to use deadly force?

A. In any situation deemed necessary by the police

B. Only if all other types of force have failed

C. Only if it is the minimum amount of force necessary to control a situation

D. In situations where police have malicious intent to harm

QUESTION 17 In which of the following cities did the first civilian review boards emerge?

A. Boston and Los Angeles

B. New York City and Los Angeles

C. Philadelphia and Boston

D. Philadelphia and New York City

QUESTION 18 An officer can use this type of force only if he or she is in imminent danger of life or limb or to protect a citizen.

A. Less-than-lethal force

B. Command presence

C. Lethal force

D. Command voice

QUESTION 19 What is one method by which to investigate corruption or brutality in a department?

A. Survey the officers

B. Form a commission

C. Have the officers take lie detector tests

D. All of the above

QUESTION 20 What has been a common concern in policing since the time of the watch system?

A. Quasi-military organizational structure

B. Community policing

C. Corruption

D. None of the above

QUESTION 21 ________ was the plainclothes officer from the Bronx who exposed the widespread corruption within the NYPD and testified against his fellow officers in the Knapp Commission.

A. Frank Sergeant

B. Frank Securo

C. Frank Serpico

D. Frank Scorpio

QUESTION 22 Which of the following is a goal of civilian oversight of the police?

A. To satisfy individual complainants

B. To hire deviant officers

C. To deter future misconduct

D. To satisfy individual complainants and to deter future misconduct

QUESTION 23 What was the first commission to fully analyze police conduct (and misconduct) in the 1930s?

A. The Kerner Commission

B. The Knapp Commission

C. The McPherson Report

D. The Wickersham Commission

QUESTION 24 The "third degree" was an interrogation technique.

A. True

B. False

QUESTION 25 The most common method by which vehicle pursuits end is commonly a vehicle crash.

A. True

B. False

QUESTION 26 Brutality is when officers express malicious intent to harm.

A. True

B. False

QUESTION 27 Most officers do not even draw their guns while on duty.

A. True

B. False

QUESTION 28 Grass eaters accept department reprimands for "moonlighting" at bars.

A. True

B. False

QUESTION 29 Democratic accountability is accountability to the community.

A. True

B. False

QUESTION 30 The Mollen Commission was formed as a result of the Rodney King beating.

A.True

B. False

QUESTION 31 According to some critics of police, why do police officers routinely discriminate against members of racial minorities?

A. They stereotype minorities.

B. They regard them as second-class citizens.

C. They regard them as unworthy of the same legal protections and rights enjoyed by members of the majority white community.

D. All of the above

QUESTION 32 In many cases, linguistic barriers do more than simply make it difficult for officers and minorities to communicate with each other. What other problem(s) can arise in this situation?

A. The ability of the police officer to gather information and carry out investigations is compromised.

B. The ability of the police officer to assert his or her authority through the use of spoken commands and gestures is undermined.

C. The ability of the police officer to demonstrate a commitment to the community in question and a willingness to at least try to understand their culture is hampered.

D. All of the above

QUESTION 33 Which of the following are examples of cross-cultural populations in the community?

A. Deaf and hearing impaired

B. Mentally ill

C. Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered

D. All of the above

QUESTION 34 Today, police cultural diversity training programs typically include substantial sections on which of the following issues?

A. Minority integration

B. Race

C. Police intervention strategies

D. All of the above

QUESTION 35 When officers complain about what they perceive to be the "poor upbringing" of minority children and about the disregard shown by immigrants from "Third World" countries for traffic regulations and other minor laws, to what can these views be attributed?

A. Cultural cues

B. Fundamental attribution errors

C. Predisposition

D. None of the above

QUESTION 36 What technique is designed to reduce crime in a given neighborhood or area by raising the immediate police presence and sending a signal to offenders in the community that a failure to obey the law will no longer be tolerated?

A. Socialization process

B. Racial profiling

C. Aggressive patrolling

D. Racial profiling and aggressive patrolling

QUESTION 37 Which of the following is one of the major challenges facing the police?

A. How to obtain more funding

B. How to recruit more minority officers

C. How to increase reporting of crime in minority and immigrant communities

D. None of the above

QUESTION 38 The greatest amount of reform in police-minority relations in the United States has come in what area(s)?

A. Police training and education

B. Education and hiring practices

C. Police training and hiring practices

D. All of the above

QUESTION 39 In order to improve diversity within police departments, hiring large numbers of minorities will be sufficient.

A. True

B. False

QUESTION 40 Some immigrants may view police with suspicion based on experiences in their native country.

A. True

B. False

QUESTION 41 Only 35% of blacks held a favorable opinion of the police according to a survey by the Bureau of Justice Statistics.

A. True

B. False

QUESTION 42 Whites are more likely to experience higher rates of victimization since they are the majority race.

A. True

B. False

QUESTION 43 Sex offender registries and gang intelligence databases are commonly utilized resources in this type of partnership.

A. Enhanced-supervision partnerships

B. Fugitive-apprehension units

C. Information-sharing partnerships

D. Specialized-enforcement partnerships

QUESTION 44 SARA is an acronym for Scan, Analysis, Respond, and Assess.

A. True

B. False

QUESTION 45 Prevalence refers to the overall incidence of a problem in a geographical area. A. True

B. False

QUESTION 46 The greatest recruitment push resulting from the various commissions has been towards ________ within law enforcement agencies.

A. Lesser number of "tokens"

B. Greater minority representation

C. Better promotion opportunities

D. Lesser number of "tokens" and better promotion opportunities

QUESTION 47 Most police departments have agility tests that now consist of which of the following activities?

A. Climbing stairs

B. Sprinting

C. Dragging a 150- to 170-pound dummy

D. Climbing stairs and dragging a 150- to 170-pound dummy E. All of the above

QUESTION 48 Experts continue to debate whether higher education makes an officer better at the job or whether vocational experience is all that is necessary.

A. True

B. False

QUESTION 49 In 1978, the primary factor for women choosing a career in law enforcement was job security.

A. True

B. False

QUESTION 50 The interview process is not as critical as the written exam and therefore is less formal.

A. True

B. False