Question $1/$ Vraag $1$ Transaction Management $[15]1\mathrm{.}1.$ Name and briefly describe FOUR properties of transactions. $/$ Noem en bespreek kortliks VIER eienskappe van transaksies. $[8]1\mathrm{.}2.$ Explain what the concurrency control with Time Stamping method entails, also refer to the two properties of the Time Stamping method. $/$ Verduidelik wat die gelyklopendheidsbeheer met Tydstempel$-$metode behels, verwys ook na die twee eienskappe van die Tydstempel$-$metode. $[4]1\mathrm{.}3.$ Explain what Two$-$Phase Locking entails and briefly describe the two phases. $/$ Verduidelik wat TweeFase sluiting behels en beskryf kortliks die twee fases. $[3]$ Question $2/$ Vraag $2$ Distributed Database Management Systems $($DDBMS$)[15]2\mathrm{.}1.$ A distributed database management system should provide some minimum desirable transparency features. Discuss shortly what the purpose of these transparency features are. $/$ Verspreide databasisbestuurstelsel moet $$ paar wenslike deursigtigheidsfunksies $($transparency features$)$ bied. Bespreek kortliks wat die doel van hierdie deursigtigheidsfunsies is$.[1]2\mathrm{.}2.$ Data replication describes the process of deciding which fragments to replicate over multiple sites. Name and briefly describe the three data replication strategies. $/$ Data$-$replikasie beskryf die proses om te besluit watter fragmente gerepliseer moet word oor meervoudige plekke. Noem en beskryf kortliks die drie datareplikasiestrategie$.[6]2\mathrm{.}3.$ Data allocation describes the process of deciding where to locate data. Name and briefly describe the three data allocation strategies. $/$ Datatoewysing $($allocation$)$ beskryf die proses om te besluit waar om data te stoor. Noem en beskryf kortliks die drie datatoewysingstrategie$.[6]2\mathrm{.}4.$ Explain the difference between the terms; distributed database and distributed processing. $/$ Verduidelik die verskil tussen die terme; verspreide databasis en verspreide verwerking. $[2]$ Question $3/$ Vraag $3$ BI & Data warehouses $[20]3\mathrm{.}1.$ Decision support data differs from operational data in three main areas. Shortly describe these main areas. $/$ Besluitsteun data verskil van operasionele data in drie hoof areas. Beskryf kortliks hierdie drie hoof areas. $[6]3\mathrm{.}2.$ Describe what OLAP is$,$ and what OLAP$$s main characteristics are. $/$ Beskryf wat OLAP is$,$ en wat die hoof eienskappe van OLAP is$.[6]3\mathrm{.}3.$ Explain how you would use a star schema in a data warehouse environment. $/$ Verduidelik hoe jy $\text{'}$n sterskema in $\text{'}$n datapakhuisomgewing sal gebruik. $[4]3\mathrm{.}4.$ Name the most common performance improvement techniques used in a star schema. $/$ Noem die mees algemene prestasieverbeteringstegnieke wat in $\text{'}$n sterskema gebruik word. $[4]$ CMPG$321$: Paper $/$ Vraestel $1|$ Exam $1$st opp$/$Eksamen $1$e gel $|$ Full$-$time$/$Voltyds $2/5$ Question $4/$ Vraag $4$ Big Data Analytics and NoSQL $[10]4\mathrm{.}1.$ Discus what Hadoop is$,$ and explain how HDFS and MapReduce fit into this framework. $/$ Beskryf wat Hadoop is$,$ en verduidelik hoe HDFS en MapReduce by hierdie raamwerk inpas. $[4]4\mathrm{.}2.$ What does the term NoSQL mean and discuss where NoSQL is used. $/$ Wat beteken die term NoSQL en verduidelik waar NoSQL gebruik word. $[4]4\mathrm{.}3.$ Explain the difference between scaling up and scaling out. $/$ Verduidelik die verskil tussen opskaal $($scaling up$)$ en uitskaal $($scaling out$).[2]$ Question $5/$ Vraag $5$ Performance Tuning $[10]5\mathrm{.}1.$ The DBMS processes queries in three phases. Name those phases, and describe what is accomplished in each phase. $/$ Die DBBS $($Databasis Bestuurstelsel$)$ verwerk navrae in drie fases. Noem die fases, en beskryf wat in elke fase bereik word. $[6]5\mathrm{.}2.$ Most query optimization techniques are designed to make the optimizer$$s work easier. What factors should you keep in mind if you intend to write efficient conditional expressions in SQL code? $/$ Die meeste navraagoptimeringstegnieke is ontwerp om die optimaliseerder se werk makliker te maak. Watter faktore moet jy in gedagte hou as jy van plan is om doeltreffende voorwaardelike uitdrukkings in SQL$-$kode te skryf$?[4]$