QUESTION 1 What brought on the collapse of the Japanese economy in the 1990s a a decline in the value of the yen in international trading b a housing bubble that led to declining housing prices c a rise in government debt due to borrowing to pay for Japans extensive public welfare system d an extensive system of corporate welfare strengthened by the iron triangle 1 points QUESTION 2 In Japan, the situation in which no party or coalition of parties controls both chambers of the Japanese parliament is called a Diet It has been common since 2007 and has contributed to the weakening of government a hung b divided c twisted d deadlocked 1 points QUESTION 3 This conservative political party has governed Japan for nearly six of the past seven decades a Conservative Party b Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) c Free Democratic Party d Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) 1 points QUESTION 4 Japan was finally unified under the shogunate, which created a strict feudal hierarchy a Ashikaga b Tokugawa c Zaibatsu d Kamakura 1 points QUESTION 5 Literally meaning descent from heaven, this is the pattern in Japan whereby retiring senior bureaucrats run for political office or take up positions in the very corporations they previously regulated a koenkai b amakudari c sakoku d keiretsu 1 points QUESTION 6 Which of the following would be the best classification for Japans capitalist developmental state a neo Marxist b neomercantilist c neoliberal d neoimperial 1 points QUESTION 7 To help combat Japans decades long recession, current Prime Minister Shinz Abe proposed a three pronged recovery plan called Abenomics Which of the following is one of the structural reforms included in this plan a reducing trade protectionism in agriculture and deregulating economics zones to help spur competition b reducing illegal immigration from Southeast Asia in order to protect Japanese employment opportunities c increasing the corporate tax base to help address government revenue shortages d increasing taxes on Japans wealthiest population in order to help fix the nearly bankrupt social security program 1 points QUESTION 8 What is the name of the lower house of Japans Diet a House of Representatives b Chamber of Deputies c House of Councillors d House of the People 1 points QUESTION 9 Chinas Tang Dynasty had a great deal of cultural and political influence on early Japan Which of the following was a political system Japan borrowed (temporarily) from Tang China a a parliament b a feudal system of governance c a judicial system and basic code of law d a merit based bureaucratic system 1 points QUESTION 10 Who chooses the Japanese prime minister a They are elected by the lower house of parliament and are the leader of that houses majority party or ruling coalition b They are selected by the previous cabinet, helping to maintain Japans effective one party rule c They are appointed by the emperor, with the approval of the upper house of parliament d They are directly elected by the Japanese electorate 1 points QUESTION 11 Which of the following best describes Japans current judicial system a Japans courts have been burdened by a heavy caseload and too few professionally trained judges and lawyers, leading to growing public dissatisfaction with this branch b It is a highly independent and activist branch of government, serving as an important check on executive power (as the U S framers intended) c Despite its strong constitutional authority, a political system dominated by a single party has rendered Japans courts subservient and, like the dominant party, highly conservative d The court system was designed to be highly decentralized, with considerable authority vested in local judges This has helped to protect local interests against national political encroachment 1 points QUESTION 12 Political scientists say that politics and government in Japan are controlled by the iron triangle What are the three groups that make up the iron triangle a bureaucrats, politicians, and big business executives b labor unions, the free press, and the military c the judiciary, the legislature, and the prime minister d the emperor, the legislature, and the military 1 points QUESTION 13 Why is Article 9 of Japans current constitution so important a Also known as the Humanity Declaration, it rejects the idea that the Japanese emperor is a living god, effectively transitioning Japan to a constitutional monarchy with its implementation b Also known as the peace clause, it is the clause that requires Japan to renounce the right to wage war c It created the Diet (parliament) and invests it as the branch of government with the sole right to determine the state budget d Modeled on the U S Constitution, it creates a court system with a high degree of judicial independence and headed by a constitutional court (the Supreme Court) with the power of judicial review 1 points QUESTION 14 The Meiji Restoration in 186768 started Japan on its path towards modernization and was led by the Meiji oligarchs Who were the Meiji oligarchs a members of the shogunate bureaucracy, who used their access to the internal workings of the Japanese state to push it toward reform b guild leaders from Japans emerging merchant class, who wanted to end Japans international isolation and increase trade with Western powers c members of Japans peasant class, frustrated by centuries of repression under the prior shogunate d a handful of junior samurai officials, who saw modernization as the only means to maintain Japanese independence against Western powers 1 points QUESTION 15 In recent years, Japan has experienced rising tensions with over territorial issues, including the status of the Senkaku (or Diaoyu) Islands a Russia b North Korea c China d South Korea 1 points QUESTION 16 Japan is a highly racially and ethnically homogenous society, and this historic identity has made the society and government policy highly resistant and discriminatory toward immigrants What do experts predict will be the likely outcome if Japan fails to increase their immigration numbers a A potential net migration out, as Japans working age population migrates to the more dynamic Chinese markets b Given its long term recession, experts are actually worried that an influx of immigration could destabilize their economy and lead to a resource shortage c Economic decline and possibly collapse, as Japans graying population is reaching a demographic crisis point d It is likely to have no significant impact, as Japan has seen a recent move toward increasing women in the workforce, which is likely to offset their shrinking workforce problem 1 points QUESTION 17 On March 11, 2011, Japan was hit by a triple tragedy involving a 9 0 magnitude earthquake, a 133 feet high tsunami, and a a cholera epidemic after the earthquake destroyed most nearby water treatment facilities b the eruption of the volcano Mount Sakurajima, whose blast spewed hot ash over several nearby communities c a refugee crisis from South Korea following the tsunami damage d a nuclear meltdown in the nearby Fukushima Daiichi power plant 1 points QUESTION 18 During the early twentieth century, Japan began a series of democratic reforms that produced the brief period known as the Taish Democracy Why did this tentative democracy fail a The Great Depression and rising global protectionism damaged the trade dependent Japanese economy, leading to increased domestic unrest that was exploited by nationalist and fascist leaders b Japans defeat during the two Russo Japanese Wars, and the resulting loss of territory, convinced the military that a coup dtat was necessary because the democratic leaders were too weak to protect Japans interests c Japans top down economic development plan achieved growth at the expense of the rural peasant class After a government reform sought to evict many farmers from their land, the population rioted and overthrew the parliament leaders d American and European powers, interested in gaining greater access to Japanese resources, orchestrated an overthrow of the regime and replaced it with a leader who would favor greater global integration 1 points QUESTION 19 This social democratic party won the 2009 House of Representatives election on the promise of reforms, representing the first electoral loss for Japans previously dominant party It has since suffered electoral defeat during the 2012 and 2014 elections due to its perceived mishandling of the Fukushima nuclear crisis and its inability to revive Japans economy a Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) b Free Democratic Party c Conservative Party d Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) 1 points QUESTION 20 Arguably, Japans most influential policy making institution is the a Diet b keiretsu (business conglomerates) c prime minister d bureaucracy

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QUESTION 1 What brought on the collapse of the Japanese economy in the 1990s? a. a decline in the value of the yen in international

QUESTION 1

What brought on the collapse of the Japanese economy in the 1990s?

	a.	a decline in the value of the yen in international trading
	b.	a housing bubble that led to declining housing prices
	c.	a rise in government debt due to borrowing to pay for Japans extensive public welfare system
	d.	an extensive system of corporate welfare strengthened by the iron triangle

1 points

QUESTION 2

In Japan, the situation in which no party or coalition of parties controls both chambers of the Japanese parliament is called a __________ Diet. It has been common since 2007 and has contributed to the weakening of government.

	a.	hung
	b.	divided
	c.	twisted
	d.	deadlocked

1 points

QUESTION 3

This conservative political party has governed Japan for nearly six of the past seven decades.

	a.	Conservative Party
	b.	Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ)
	c.	Free Democratic Party
	d.	Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)

1 points

QUESTION 4

Japan was finally unified under the __________ shogunate, which created a strict feudal hierarchy.

	a.	Ashikaga
	b.	Tokugawa
	c.	Zaibatsu
	d.	Kamakura

1 points

QUESTION 5

Literally meaning "descent from heaven," this is the pattern in Japan whereby retiring senior bureaucrats run for political office or take up positions in the very corporations they previously regulated.

	a.	koenkai
	b.	amakudari
	c.	sakoku
	d.	keiretsu

1 points

QUESTION 6

Which of the following would be the best classification for Japans capitalist developmental state?

	a.	neo-Marxist
	b.	neomercantilist
	c.	neoliberal
	d.	neoimperial

1 points

QUESTION 7

To help combat Japans decades-long recession, current Prime Minister Shinz Abe proposed a three-pronged recovery plan called "Abenomics." Which of the following is one of the structural reforms included in this plan?

	a.	reducing trade protectionism in agriculture and deregulating economics zones to help spur competition
	b.	reducing illegal immigration from Southeast Asia in order to protect Japanese employment opportunities
	c.	increasing the corporate tax base to help address government revenue shortages
	d.	increasing taxes on Japans wealthiest population in order to help fix the nearly bankrupt social security program

1 points

QUESTION 8

What is the name of the lower house of Japans Diet?

	a.	House of Representatives
	b.	Chamber of Deputies
	c.	House of Councillors
	d.	House of the People

1 points

QUESTION 9

Chinas Tang Dynasty had a great deal of cultural and political influence on early Japan. Which of the following was a political system Japan borrowed (temporarily) from Tang China?

	a.	a parliament
	b.	a feudal system of governance
	c.	a judicial system and basic code of law
	d.	a merit-based bureaucratic system

1 points

QUESTION 10

Who chooses the Japanese prime minister?

	a.	They are elected by the lower house of parliament and are the leader of that houses majority party or ruling coalition.
	b.	They are selected by the previous cabinet, helping to maintain Japans effective one-party rule.
	c.	They are appointed by the emperor, with the approval of the upper house of parliament.
	d.	They are directly elected by the Japanese electorate.

1 points

QUESTION 11

Which of the following best describes Japans current judicial system?

	a.	Japans courts have been burdened by a heavy caseload and too few professionally trained judges and lawyers, leading to growing public dissatisfaction with this branch.
	b.	It is a highly independent and activist branch of government, serving as an important check on executive power (as the U.S. framers intended).
	c.	Despite its strong constitutional authority, a political system dominated by a single party has rendered Japans courts subservient and, like the dominant party, highly conservative.
	d.	The court system was designed to be highly decentralized, with considerable authority vested in local judges. This has helped to protect local interests against national political encroachment.

1 points

QUESTION 12

Political scientists say that politics and government in Japan are controlled by the "iron triangle." What are the three groups that make up the iron triangle?

	a.	bureaucrats, politicians, and big-business executives
	b.	labor unions, the free press, and the military
	c.	the judiciary, the legislature, and the prime minister
	d.	the emperor, the legislature, and the military

1 points

QUESTION 13

Why is Article 9 of Japans current constitution so important?

	a.	Also known as the Humanity Declaration, it rejects the idea that the Japanese emperor is a living god, effectively transitioning Japan to a constitutional monarchy with its implementation.
	b.	Also known as the peace clause, it is the clause that requires Japan to renounce the right to wage war.
	c.	It created the Diet (parliament) and invests it as the branch of government with the sole right to determine the state budget.
	d.	Modeled on the U.S. Constitution, it creates a court system with a high degree of judicial independence and headed by a constitutional court (the Supreme Court) with the power of judicial review.

1 points

QUESTION 14

The Meiji Restoration in 186768 started Japan on its path towards modernization and was led by the Meiji oligarchs. Who were the Meiji oligarchs?

	a.	members of the shogunate bureaucracy, who used their access to the internal workings of the Japanese state to push it toward reform
	b.	guild leaders from Japans emerging merchant class, who wanted to end Japans international isolation and increase trade with Western powers
	c.	members of Japans peasant class, frustrated by centuries of repression under the prior shogunate
	d.	a handful of junior samurai officials, who saw modernization as the only means to maintain Japanese independence against Western powers

1 points

QUESTION 15

In recent years, Japan has experienced rising tensions with __________ over territorial issues, including the status of the Senkaku (or Diaoyu) Islands.

	a.	Russia
	b.	North Korea
	c.	China
	d.	South Korea

1 points

QUESTION 16

Japan is a highly racially and ethnically homogenous society, and this historic identity has made the society and government policy highly resistant and discriminatory toward immigrants. What do experts predict will be the likely outcome if Japan fails to increase their immigration numbers?

	a.	A potential net migration out, as Japans working age population migrates to the more dynamic Chinese markets.
	b.	Given its long-term recession, experts are actually worried that an influx of immigration could destabilize their economy and lead to a resource shortage.
	c.	Economic decline and possibly collapse, as Japans graying population is reaching a demographic crisis point.
	d.	It is likely to have no significant impact, as Japan has seen a recent move toward increasing women in the workforce, which is likely to offset their shrinking workforce problem.

1 points

QUESTION 17

On March 11, 2011, Japan was hit by a triple tragedy involving a 9.0 magnitude earthquake, a 133 feet high tsunami, and

	a.	a cholera epidemic after the earthquake destroyed most nearby water treatment facilities.
	b.	the eruption of the volcano Mount Sakurajima, whose blast spewed hot ash over several nearby communities.
	c.	a refugee crisis from South Korea following the tsunami damage.
	d.	a nuclear meltdown in the nearby Fukushima Daiichi power plant.

1 points

QUESTION 18

During the early twentieth century, Japan began a series of democratic reforms that produced the brief period known as the Taish Democracy. Why did this tentative democracy fail?

	a.	The Great Depression and rising global protectionism damaged the trade-dependent Japanese economy, leading to increased domestic unrest that was exploited by nationalist and fascist leaders.
	b.	Japans defeat during the two Russo-Japanese Wars, and the resulting loss of territory, convinced the military that a coup dtat was necessary because the democratic leaders were too weak to protect Japans interests.
	c.	Japans top-down economic development plan achieved growth at the expense of the rural peasant class. After a government reform sought to evict many farmers from their land, the population rioted and overthrew the parliament leaders.
	d.	American and European powers, interested in gaining greater access to Japanese resources, orchestrated an overthrow of the regime and replaced it with a leader who would favor greater global integration.

1 points

QUESTION 19

This social democratic party won the 2009 House of Representatives election on the promise of reforms, representing the first electoral loss for Japans previously dominant party. It has since suffered electoral defeat during the 2012 and 2014 elections due to its perceived mishandling of the Fukushima nuclear crisis and its inability to revive Japans economy.