QUESTION 1

1. Why has California failed to keep pace with expanding its water infrastructure needs?
2. a.Water usage has generally decreased in response to ongoing conservation measures and therefore new infrastructure is unnecessary.
3. b.Existing water infrastructure remains sufficient to meet state's needs.
4. c.Decreased state and federal funding has made construction of new infrastructure challenging.
5. d.Near-constant litigation among different groups prevents investment in new infrastructure.

QUESTION 2

1. According to the course's text,Managing California's Water, 75% of the precipitation the state receives falls in Northern California. What percentages of that precipitation is required to serve Southern California's water needs?
2. a.35%
3. b.45%
4. c.90%
5. d.75%

QUESTION 3

1. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the California Supreme Court has consistently ruled that California water rights law__________
2. a.Was not independent and must be exactly the same as federal law.
3. b.Incorporates the Spanish law of "pueblo rights."
4. c.Must prioritize the needs of agricultural uses.
5. d.Must prioritize the need of environmental uses.

QUESTION 4

1. If you owned land adjacent or adjoining a body of water, you would claim that you had what type of right to use that water:
2. a.Property right.
3. b.Riparian right.
4. c.Prior appropriation.
5. d.14th Amendment rights.

QUESTION 5

1. The legal phrase, "First-in-Time, First-in-Right" best describes what water law concept:
2. a.Riparian rights.
3. b.Property rights.
4. c.5th Amendment rights.
5. d.Prior Appropriation rights.

QUESTION 6

1. In 1886, the California Supreme Court heard the landmark case ofLux v. Haggin.What option below best describes the decision of the court?
2. a.When determining water rights, California must first consider the water needs of neighboring states.
3. b.California water law incorporates both riparian and prior appropriation rights.
4. c.Because of California's unique ecological environment, the needs of the chinook salmon must be addressed first, and urban water uses secondary.
5. d.None of the above.

QUESTION 7

1. William Mulholland is associated with what major redirection of water?
2. a.The "conquest" of the Owens River Valley
3. b.The Battle of the Hetch Hetchy Valley
4. c.The damming of the Colorado River
5. d.The Central Valley Water Project

QUESTION 8

1. Which landmark California Supreme Court case declared that the state has a continuing and ongoing responsibility to protect the "public trust" in planning and allocating water.
2. a.Marks v. Whitney
3. b.Environmental Defense Fund v. East Bay Municipal Utilities District
4. c.National Audubon Society v. Superior Court
5. d.City of Los Angeles v. Aitken

QUESTION 9

1. In the late 1980's and early 1990's, the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) and over 100 water districts failed to reach an agreement on a balanced approach to the water needs for the environment and the water needs for people. This disagreement resulted in what action by the federal government?
2. a.Rescinded all federal funding from California and refused to reinstate federal funding until a comprehensive agreement was made.
3. b.Declared several wildlife species endangered and forced the diversion of water for environmental purposes.
4. c.Federalized all agricultural uses in the state and set limits on the specific amount of crops that could be produced.
5. d.Declared a state of emergency in California and required Congress to approve all water allocations.

QUESTION 10

1. In 2009, after decades of "water wars," the California legislature declared what two constitutional principles would be the foundation of the state's future water management plans
2. a.Riparian rights and property rights.
3. b.Reasonable use and the public trust doctrine.
4. c.Laissez-faire and endangered species act.
5. d.Miners Rights of 1849 and honoring Spanish land grants.