Question 10 The types of costs associated with the replacement of staff are: a. direct and indirect costs. b. lost expenditure. c. administrative costs. d. {a} and {0). Question 11 In Expectancy theory. valence is the term used to describe: a. the effort-perfonnance link. b. the performance-reward link. c. the relationship between motivator and hygiene factors. d. the value or importance an employee places on the potential rewards that can be achieved. Question 12 Employees in certain countries expect to have a much greater say in decision making and more autonomy in their work. These cultures have been described as having: a. low-power distance. b. high-power distance. c. equality of status. d. cooperative work environments. Question 13 Compensation strategies that reward individual performance and the acquisition of individual skills and know-how are common in: d. risk-averse cultures. b. egalitarian cultures. c. collectivist cultures. d. individualistic cultures. Question 14 The inability to adjust to a different cultural environment is known as: a. culture shock. b. behaviour reinforcement. c. lack of exibility. d. all of the above. Question 15 It is recommended that every expatriate have a mentor or sponsor back home. The role of this person is to: a. maintain a feeling of normality for the expatriate. h. keep the expatriate focused on the essential aspects of their assignment. :3. ensure that the expatriate is kept up to date with news from home. d. ensure that the expatriate is not given bad news from home