Question 19 (4 points) According to data published by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the average hospital stay costs about $10,000 per stay in 2011. A recent study revealed that the mean cost of hospital stay of 20 patients was $12,500 with a standard deviation of $4000. A test of significance is conducted to see whether the average hospital stay costs greater than $10,000 using Ho=#510.000 vs. HA=H>10.000 . Calculate the test statistic. O A) z=1.19 O B) t=2.795 O C) t=3.242 O D) z=-1.19 O E) t=1.19 Question 20 (4 points) O A) We are 90% confident that the true mean difference FPG levels before and after intake of DRP-containing COCs and metformin is between 0.0665 and 1.0718. O B) We are 100% confident that the true mean difference FPG levels before and after intake of DRP-containing COCs and metformin is between 0.0665 and 0.0735. O C) We are 9% confident that the true mean difference FPG levels before and after intake of DRP-containing COCs and metformin is between 0.0654 and 0.0746. O D) We are 99% confident that the sample mean difference FPG levels before and after intake of DRP-containing COCs and metformin is between -2.0654 and -1.0746. OE) We are 95% confident that the true mean difference FPG levels before and after intake of DRP-containing COCs and metformin is between 0.0671 and 1.0729.\fQuestion 17 (4 points) A 2016 study looked at the effects of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) with Drospirenone (DRP, another steroid progestin) and metformin on the fasting plasma glucose levels (or FPG, a diabetes marker) of women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (or PCOS). After measuring the FPG levels before and after taking metformin and oral contraceptives with DRP on 32 women with PCOS, the researchers calculated a mean difference to be 0.07 mmol/L. [Source: Wang, Q. Y., Song, Y., Huang, W., Xiao, L., Wang, Q. S., & Feng, G. M. (2016). Comparison of Drospirenone- with Cyproterone Acetate-Containing Oral Contraceptives, Combined with Metformin and Lifestyle Modifications in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Metabolic Disorders: A Prospective Randomized Control Trial. Chinese medical journal, 129(8), 883-890. https://doi.org/10.4103/0366-6999.179783] Suppose the standard deviation is 0.01 mmol/L. Construct a 99% confidence interval about the mean difference of FPG levels before and after the intervention and interpret it. Hint: Please keep to at least 4 places past the decimal in your calculations!Question 16 (4 points) The following table shows the observed counts from the distribution of 149 males and females born preterm and full-term. The figures below came from a study by Harel-Gadassi et al.(2018) regarding the long-term risks of autism spectrum disorder (ASP) in children born preterm (PT) and full term (FT). Birth Type Gender Pre-term Full-term Total (PT) (FT) Female 63 21 84 Male 47 18 65 Total 110 39 149 [Source: Harel-Gadassi, A., Friedlander, E., Yaari, M., Bar-Oz, B., Eventov-Friedman, S., Mankuta, D., & Yirmiya, N. (2018). Risk for ASD in Preterm Infants: A Three-Year Follow-Up Study. Autism research and treatment, 2018, 8316212. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8316212] Suppose you are interested in determining if an association exists between gender and birth type. What are the expected counts of males born pre-term and full-term