QUESTION 2

1. A sample of 100 healthy men was followed for the development of prostate cancer. After being followed for 5 years, 20 men of the study sample developed prostate cancer. Another 10 men of the sample were followed for 1 year and then were lost to follow up and we do not have information about their prostate cancer status. The remaining men who never developed the disease were followed for 10 years. Calculate the number of person-years of observation accrued by this population.

A.	610
B.	710
C.	810
D.	910

QUESTION 3

1. A sample of 100 healthy men was followed for the development of prostate cancer. After being followed for 5 years, 20 men of the study sample developed prostate cancer. Another 4 men lost of follow up after being followed for 2.5 years each and we do not have information about their prostate cancer status. The remaining men who never developed the disease were followed for 10 years. Calculate the incidence density of prostate cancer in this sample.

A.	13 per 1000 person-years
B.	23 per 1000 person-years
C.	23 per 1000
D.	43 per 1000 person-years

QUESTION 4

1. A study was conducted that collected interview data and blood samples from 8,000 people. The investigators found that 1,600 of the participants were classified as heavy drinkers of alcohol and 2,400 had a history of peptic ulcer. Of those with peptic ulcer, 1,200 were in the heavy drinking group. Based on these findings, the risk of developing peptic ulcer in this population is 300 per 1,000 participants.

True

False

QUESTION 5

1. At the initial examination in the Framingham study, coronary heart disease was found in 5 per 1,000 men aged 30yrs to 44yrs and in 5 per 1,000 women aged 30yrs to 44yrs. The inference that in this age group men and women have an equal risk of developing coronary heart disease is

A.	Correct
B.	Incorrect because of a failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence
C.	Incorrect because a proportionate ratio is used when a rate is required to support the inference
D.	Incorrect because of failure to recognize a possible cohort phenomenon
E.	Incorrect because there is no control or comparison group

QUESTION 6

1. Five years after the introduction of a vigorous detection and treatment program, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was found to be greater than in the year prior to the introduction of the program. Which of the following are possible reasons?

A.	An increase in diabetes case fatality
B.	An increase in the age-specific mortality associated with diabetes
C.	An increase in previously undetected cases
D.	An increase in the proportionate mortality associated with diabetes
E.	A reduction in the risk factors predisposing to diabetes

QUESTION 7

At college entrance, 35% of male students were found to be "overweight". This measure is an example of:

A.	An incidence rate.
B.	Point prevalence.
C.	Cumulative incidence.
D.	Period prevalence.
E.	Standardized rate ratio.

QUESTION 8

1. Regionville is a community of 100,000 persons. During 1985, there were 1,000 deaths from all causes. All cases of tuberculosis have been found, and they total 300: 200 males and 100 females. During 1985, there were 60 deaths from tuberculosis, 50 of them in males.

The proportionate mortality due to tuberculosis is

A.	20%
B.	30%
C.	6%
D.	3%
E.	Cannot be computed from data give

QUESTION 9

1. Relative Frequency of Cancers in Two Populations

Percent Total

Site of Cancer	Population A	Population B
Lung	10.0	6.7
Breast	30.0	20.0
Uterus	25.0	16.7
All other	35.0	56.6
Total: all sites	100.0	100.0

The table above shows the relative frequency of newly reported cancers of specific sites in two populations. The inference that population A seems to be more prone to cancer of the lung, breast, and uterus than is population B is

A.	Correct
B.	Incorrect because of failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence
C.	Incorrect because a proportionate ratio is used when a rate is required to support the inference
D.	Incorrect because of failure to recognize a possible cohort phenomenon
E.	Incorrect because there is no control or comparison group

QUESTION 10

1. The following data give some of the descriptive epidemiology of gastroschisis in the state of Massachusetts. Gastroschisis is a rare birth defect that is characterized by a herniation of the abdominal wall. Its treatment requires surgical repair.

Number & Prevalence of Gastroschisis by Year of BirthMassachusetts, 1999-2007
Year	Prevalence (per 10,000 live births)
1999-2000	1.70
2001-2002	2.10
2003-2004	2.43
2005-2006	3.09
2007	3.60

2.

Prevalence of Gastroschisis (per 10,000 Live Births) by Maternal Age, Race and Childs GenderMassachusetts, 1999-2007
Maternal age (years)	Maternal race	Childs gender
< 20	12.62	White	2.30	Male	3.00
20-24	6.30	Black	1.10	Female	2.20
> 25	2.02

3.

4. Which of the following statements describing the data presented in the tables is true?

A.	The disease is less common in children of white mothers.
B.	The case fatality of the disease in children of white mothers is less than that observed in children of black mothers.
C.	The prevalence of the disease increases with increasing maternal age
D.	The prevalene of the disesae in children of mothers <20 years of age is almost 6 times that observed in children of mothers 25 years of age or older.
E.	Based on data presented in the tables one can conclude with certainity that maternal age is a causal factor for this condition.

QUESTION 11

1. The number of deaths from stomach cancer during 1985 in males 40 to 49 years old divided by the 1985 midpoint population of all males 40 to 49 years is known as:

A.	Age-specific case fatality rate
B.	Age-adjusted mortality rate
C.	Crude mortality rate
D.	Age-specific mortality rate
E.	Age and gender specific mortality rate

QUESTION 12

1. The overall risk of death in a given population is measured by:

A.	Crude death rate
B.	Case Fatality Rate
C.	Proportionate Mortality Ratio
D.	Relative Risk
E.	Cause-specific mortality

QUESTION 13

1. The prevalence of a disease in a population may be increased by all of the followingexcept:

A.	Prolonging the life of persons with disease.
B.	Decreasing the case-fatality rate for the disease.
C.	Improving care of patients with the disease so the disease is more controlled.
D.	Primary prevention of the disease.

QUESTION 14

1. Townville is a community of 100,000 persons (assume population size is at midyear for year 2005). During 2005, there were 2,000 deaths from all causes. All cases of tuberculosis have been found and they total 500: 300 males and 200 females. During 2005, there were 50 deaths from tuberculosis, 30 of them in males.

What is the cause-specific mortality rate for tuberculosis in 2005?

A.	50 per 100,000
B.	500 per 2000
C.	300 per 2000
D.	200/2000
E.	Cannot be computed from the data given

QUESTION 15

1. For a disease with a very short duration due to quick cure or rapid death (cure or death happen with a few weeks), the mid-year prevalence and one-year incidence rates of the disease will be similar:

True

False

QUESTION 16

1. A total of 3,000 workers at a particular industry were asked whether they had a history of hypertension or not at the beginning of their employment. Of the 3,000, 60% were males and 40% were 40-50 years of age and 60% were above the age of 50 years. Of the 3,000 workers, 600 reported a history of hypertension. Of the 600 cases of hypertension, 30% were males and 70% were above 50 years of age. What is the prevalence of hypertension in males and females?

A.	10% males, 35% females.
B.	35% males, 10% females.
C.	60% males, 35% females.
D.	35% males, 60% females.

QUESTION 17

1. Within a small town in Belgium whose population is 500, initial testing and examination revealed 5 persons with tuberculosis (TB). Over the following 5 years, 10 more persons developed TB; 4 of these persons died during that time. The 5-year case fatality of TB for the incident cases is:

A.	4/5
B.	4/10
C.	4/500
D.	4/15

QUESTION 18

1. Within a small town in New Zealand whose population is 500, initial testing and examination revealed 5 persons with tuberculosis (TB). Over the following 5 years, 10 more persons developed TB; 4 of these persons died during that time.

The 5-year risk of developing TB in this town was (assume that the population size is constant):

A.	5/500 or 10 per thousand
B.	5/ 495 or 10.1 per thousand
C.	20/500 or 40 per thousand
D.	10/495 or 20.2 per thousand person-years
E.	10/495 or 20.2 per thousand