Question 2 [20 Marks] a) Identify the key differences between the par value and the market value of a bond. [4 marks] b) A zero-coupon bond is selling for $476. The bond has a face value of $1,000 and matures in 8 years. Your friend asks you if he should buy the bond. He tells you his required return is 9 percent. Would you recommend he buy the bond or not? Explain your answer. [3 marks] c) How do credit rating agencies arrive at a bond rating decision? [5 marks] d) Using diagrams, demonstrate your understanding of payoff for the buyers and issuers (or writers) of call and put options. [8 marks]