Question 2

In this question, you are going to conduct a chi-squared (X²) test, step-by-step, and practice interpreting the results of such a test using a real example.

Table. Contingency Table of Own and Mother's Educational Attainment

	Own Educational Attainment
Less than High School	High School Degree	Postsecondary Degree	TOTAL
Mother's Educational Attainment	Less than High School	149 (63)	358 (323)	153 (274)	660
High School	47 (96)	569 (494)	392 (?)	1008
Postsecondary Degree	10 (47)	133 (?)	353 (206)	496
TOTAL	206	1060	898	2164

Note: Data are from the 2016 General Social Survey.

a) A X² test is a type of hypothesis test. What are the null and alternative hypothesis for the X² test you are conducting in Question 2?

b) Calculate the 2 missing counts and enter the missing values into the table in parentheses, making sure to round to the nearest whole number.

c) Calculate the X² test statistic for a test of two-way independence using your work from part (b).

d) Identify the critical chi-squared test statistic for a X² test using a 90% confidence level.

e) Now, conclude your chi-squared test. Do it reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis that was identified in (a)? Why? Interpret this conclusion: what does it mean in non-statistical terms?