Question 21 (1 point)

Judge Lee got into a fender bender on her way to the courthouse on Monday and is in a very bad mood during her first hearing that day. However, before her first hearing on Wednesday, she heard that her son got into medical school and she's in a great mood. One's mood is likely to be a(n) ___________ factor that might lead to variations in sentencing.

Question 21 options:

	Systematic disparity
	Unpredictable disparity
	Unsystematic disparity
	Predictable disparity

Question 22 (1 point)

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the death penalty in Canada?

Question 22 options:

	The murder rate in Canada has generally declined since the death penalty was abolished.
	Research suggests that the death penalty should not be reinstated if the purpose of it is to reduce crime.
	Convicted murderers in Canada often commit another murder upon release from prison.
	A 2013 opinion poll indicated that the majority of Canadians are in favour of reinstating the death penalty for murder.

Question 23 (1 point)

Avery was sentenced to 3 years for robbery. Avery was released into the community after serving 1 year in prison. Avery was most likely released on:

Question 23 options:

	a long term supervision order
	day parole
	full parole
	statutory release

Question 24 (1 point)

What was the major finding to come out of the study conducted by Andrews et al. (1990), which examined the effectiveness of various interventions with offenders for reducing re-offending?

Question 24 options:

	Prison works for some offenders, but not others
	The risk, need, and responsivity principle apply to male offenders, but not female offenders
	Interventions that incorporate the risk, need, and responsivity principle work best
	The responsivity principle is very difficult to implement

Question 25 (1 point)

The attempt to prevent crime by arousing fear of punishment in convicted offenders is called __________; whereas the attempt to prevent crime by creating fear of punishment among the general public is called ______________?

Question 25 options:

	incapacitation / individual deterrence
	specific deterrence / general deterrence
	specific deterrence / expressive deterrence
	expressive deterrence / just deserts

Question 26 (1 point)

Research by Hogarth (1971) has demonstrated that the greatest variation in sentencing is accounted for more by ___________ than the actual facts of the case.

Question 26 options:

	The defendant's race
	Victim characteristics
	Information about the judge
	The defendant's gender

Question 27 (1 point)

What is the sentencing approach that focuses on repairing the harm caused by a crime?

Question 27 options:

	Imprisonment
	Restorative justice
	Diversion
	Conditional sentence

Question 28 (1 point)

In Canada, which of the following sentencing goals is considered by judges to be the most important?

Question 28 options:

	To separate offenders from society
	To denounce unlawful conduct
	It is not clear which goal is considered the most important by judges
	To assist in rehabilitating offenders

Question 29 (1 point)

The Parole Board of Canada relies on which of the following factor when making conditional release decisions?

Question 29 options:

	Marital status of the offender
	Input from the victim
	Ethnic background of the offender
	Age of the offender

Question 30 (1 point)

According to the lecture, since 2013 success rates for offenders on statutory conditional release has

Question 30 options:

	cannot be determined based on available data
	increased
	decreased
	stayed the same