Question 23

QUESTION 23 "A researcher would like to evaluate the potential effect of a pain-relief patch designed for back pain. Prior to testing the patch, each of n - 8 patients rates their current level of back pain on a scale from 1 to 10. After wearing the patch for 90 minutes, a second pain rating is recorded and the researcher observes a mean difference - -3 in pain ratings with a sum of squared deviation (SS) value = 45.5. Calculate the t-statistic the researcher would observe given this data. (Be sure to round your answer to the second decimal place)."