Question 3 Sasol Technologies, South Africa's second largest industrial undertaking, employs 28,000 people all over the world and is one of the market leaders in the field of coal gas liquefaction for the production of gasoline and components for the chemical industry. On a visit to the Japanese producer, the African project division of Kuehne + Nagel inspected the two enormous reactor components under construction (a bottom section weighing 419 tonnes and measuring approximately 22 x 9 x 9 metres, and a 252-tonne upper section measuring 18 x 9 x 9 metres) and examined the shipping possibilities at different ports on Japan's west coast. It soon became clear that due to shipping capacity restraints, it was necessary to book a suitable ship as soon as possible although shipping was not scheduled to take place until mid-2009. At the end of 2008 a task force team was put together with members representing the customer, the maritime carrier and the haulage company. It also included representatives of a company specializing in route analysis and road clearance for heavy load transport, and a consultant for the calculation of the required trailer configuration based on the maximum allowed road load of 27.5 kilonewtons. In February 2009 the preparations were held up by an unexpected event. Without prior announcement the Ministry of Roads and Works started to upgrade a part of the route from the port of Richards Bay to the site. Since no alternative routes were available in South Africa, it was decided to transport the reactor through Swaziland where a route was found which could be suitable - if certain repairs and modifications were made. At the border with Swaziland, where power and telephone cables had to be raised, the passage of the imposing convoy blocked the customs post for all other traffic for no less than six hours. Further challenges were presented by bad weather, which resulted in two days of delays, and a 13 per cent gradient for which five additional prime movers had to be hired

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Question 3 In today's global economy, consumers are used to seeing products from every corner of the world in their local grocery stores and retail shops. These overseas products or imports provide more choices to consumers. And because they are usually manufactured more cheaply than any domestically produced equivalent, imports help consumers manage their strained household budgets. Discuss FIVE (5) the influences of import and export shipment of any product/country of your choice impact the economical factor of the country.