Question 4 (10 marks): Eva Pharma& the African opportunity With roots dating back to early 20th century, Eva Pharma pivoted from Egypt in 1997 with the 1st manufacturing facility in Egypt and went on to have good presence in Middle east, Africa and even Europe (https://www.evapharma.com/ourcompany#overview) When Covid-19 pandemic impacted the whole world and Egypt was no exception, Eva Pharma was in a very good position to seize this as a business opportunity and use it as a vehicle for growth. https://www.evapharma.com/covid/developing-vaccine EVA Pharma to manufacture COVID-19 treatment Molnupiravir, January 26, 2022 EVA Pharma signs agreement with Egyptian ministries of Scientific Research and Agriculture to produce local COVID-19 vaccine "Egyvax", March 01, 2022

1) Discuss How Eva Pharma Managed to benefit from an international crisis like Covid-19 and how did they manage to turn it into a business opportunity

2) From a general business perspective what could be the lesson learned from the Covid-19 pandemic as a crisis, in your own business what did you lean that can be used to minimize the impact of a crisis like this on your business?

3) Like many other Egyptian pharmaceuticals, Eva Pharma has been very active pursuing the business opportunities in Africa, discuss what are the options for establishing Egyptian business in Africa and what are the Pros and Cons of Each option? How could Eva Pharma employ its effort in the Covid-19 vaccine manufacturing in this?

4) For an Egyptian pharmaceutical expanding in Africa, How the porter's diamond model looks like having Egypt as the home market? Discuss what are the benefits and Risk