QUESTION 4

4.1 Read the following scenarios and, in each instance, indicate whether the scenario adheres to all ethical principles. Also, provide a reason for your answer in each instance.

4.1.1 Samuel is studying towards a qualification in marketing management. He approaches people at the Menlyn shopping mall and gives them a checklist to complete. The list contains all the big retail stores in Gauteng. He requests them to tick their favorite three malls in Gauteng. (2)

4.1.2 Magret is tasked by her employer to find out how employees feel about top management. She schedules focus groups with all employees. She tells them that she is researching different leadership styles and asks them several questions about the company's top management. (2)

4.1.3 Petrus is conducting research for Starbucks on customers' preferred flavor of hot drinks. He was permitted to conduct this study by the headquarters of Starbucks and all relevant other authorities. Petrus approaches clients sitting in a Starbucks coffees shop to determine their preferred drink. He provides them with a participation information sheet and an informed consent form. He requests them to participate in the survey voluntarily and anonymously. He assures all participants of the confidentiality of their responses. (2)

4.1.4 Lovu conducts a study on the influence of alcohol on the academic performance of students within the University of South Africa. He divides his sample into two groups. One group is given unlimited and free alcohol for 24 hours before their RME101Q examination. The other group is prohibited from drinking any alcohol for 24 hours before the examination. He compares the results of the two groups and finds that alcohol negatively influenced the academic performance of students.

4.2 Read the following scenarios and identify the sampling technique used in each. Also indicate whether the specific technique is a probability or non-probability sampling technique.

4.2.1 Luke wants to survey 650 employees within the company that he works for to measure their level of career adaptability. The company employs a total of 1 500 individuals. Luke obtains a list of all employees from the HR department, which includes their details. Luke assigns a consecutive number (1 to 1 500) to each employee on the list. He then uses a computer program to generate 650 random numbers that lie between 1 and 1 500. The 650 numbers provided by the computer make up the sample he uses. (4)

4.2.2 Alexia wants to determine the main reason why people join a book club. She first contacts people she knows are part of a book club and asks them their reason for belonging to such a group. She then asks those people to refer her to other people who also belong to a book club. (4)

4.2.3 Teacher Marli wants to interview matric students at a public school in Gauteng to determine their coping resources during the Covid-19 pandemic. She obtains a list of all 250 matric students at the relevant school. She assigns a number from 1 to 250 to each student. She wants to make a random selection and uses every 11th number on the list.

QUESTION 5

Answer the following multiple-choice questions. Please provide your answers in tabular format, as per the example below:

5.1 Documenting a large section of another researcher's written work as your own is referred to as...

(a) wrongful referencing.

(b) misrepresentation.

(d) direct quotation.

5.2 Qualitative research is often criticized for its...

(a) the problem of generalization.

(b) structured data collection.

(c) an objective point of view.

(d) the static view of social life.

5.3 Which of the following does not apply to a research proposal?

(a) The research design and methods the researcher is going to use to collect data.

(b) The tools the researcher will use to analyze the data.

(c) Why the researcher will implement the research recommendations.

(d) The general and specific research questions that the researcher formulated.

5.4 Which one of the following is the correct manner to reference a book within the reference list:

(a) Potgieter, I.L. & Ferreira, N. 2017. Referencing for Dummies. Pretoria: Cengage.

(b) Potgieter, I.L. and Ferreira, N. 2017. Referencing for Dummies. Pretoria: Cengage.

(c) I.L Potgieter. & N. Ferreira. (2017). Referencing for Dummies. Pretoria: Cengage.

(d) Potgieter, I.L. & Ferreira, N. 2017. Referencing for Dummies. Pretoria: Cengage.

5.5 When you ask other people such as experts in a specific field about the measure you are about to use to collect data, you are assuring ... validity.

(a) construct

(b) convergent

(c) concurrent

(d) face

5.6 A researcher studies one group of children when they are 3, 6, and 9 years of age and at the same time another group of children when they are 12, and 15 years of age. The researcher uses the ... method.

(a) longitudinal

(b) sequential

(c) cross-sectional

(d) panel study

5.7 Mrs. Joubert has investigated the relationship between organizational trust and organizational commitment among teachers in schools in Pretoria East. She wants to generalize the results of her study to the entire school sector. An expert in the field informs her that she cannot generalize her study results because her sample lacks certain characteristics. Which of the following characteristics is lacking from Mrs. Joubert's sample?

(a) power

(b) representativeness

(c) distinctiveness

(d) variability

5.8 One of the purposes of a literature review is to identify ...

(a) what kind of data collection instruments should be used.

(b) whether the study is significant for the population.

(c) threats to the population.

(d) what concepts and theories are relevant to the topic.

5.9 Suppose Alda is entering a bikini contest. She has to indicate her length on the application form. Her husband measures her once with a tape measure and gets a measurement of 1.64 meters. He then measures her again five more times with the same tape measure and gets the following readings: 1,69 meters, 1,75 meters, 1,60 meters, 1,73 meters, and 1,59 meters. The measurement process in this example suffers from ...

(a) reliability.

(b) validity.

(c) maturation.

(d) stability

5.10 A ... refers to a source that you cite when you did not access the original document.

(a) secondary reference

(b) tertiary reference

(c) primary reference

(d) indirect reference