Question 5 Although computers have been in use since the abacus, digital computers which have had a profound effect on society were introduced in the 1940s. As computers evolve, so does Information Technology (IT). This computer technology has been going through many changes or technological developments which have led to different computer generations. It is important to note that each computer generation has come with a particular trend better than the former generation. The use of computers and IT has enabled communication, information availability, internet usage, telecommuting, data storage among others. This has tremendously socially impacted people both positively and negatively. Therefore one has to embrace usage of computers and IT with care. Required: (a) Describe the following terms as used in the passage above. Computer. (2 marks) 33 Computer generation. (2 marks) (iii) Information technology. (2 marks) Social impact. (2 marks) (b) From the scenario, it is realised that computers and information technology have impacted society in various ways. Required: Describe any three ways how the use computers and information technology has socially impacted people; (6 marks) negatively. (6 marks) (ii) positively. (Total 20 marks)Question 6 Kabasa Research Institute (KRI) is a pharmaceutical research center working with several departments that process huge amounts of sensitive data using a Computer-Based Information System (CBIS). Each of those departments has fully functioning computer systems connected to Internet. Over the past two weeks KRI has experienced two major security challenges which are explained below. All their computers have been attacked by a computer virus. As a result, computers have become slow, data has been lost or corrupted and most of KRI's computer software has malfunctioned. Furthermore, there have been unauthorized people who have accessed the KRI's sensitive information; putting the company at risk of betrayal and harassment by anyone who would wish to have them in trouble. Findings indicate that KRI is not having software security and information security mechanisms and additionally, while implementing the KRI CBIS, security controls were not much thought about. This therefore calls for emphasis on enhancing of CBIS security because any security weakness in computer-based information systems may lead to major service interruptions, and unwanted exposure of sensitive information of KRI. Information security is key since it will ensure confidentiality, integrity and availability of KRI data. To enhance the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information, KRI can use different choose from a variety of information security measures. Each of these measures can be utilized as part of their overall information security policy. These measures include; authentication, access control, encryption, backups, firewalls, use of antivirus programs, intrusion detection systems, virtual private networks, physical security, security policies, usability and personal information security. Like any other CBIS, KRI's CBIS has three major components: computers, computer network and human.Required: (a) Carry out a SWOT analysis of GEL. (12 marks) (b) Explain the response of GEL to the threats in its macro environments. (8 marks) (Total 20 marks) Question 2 (a) Management of Jim Jam Ltd is seeking services of a competent management consultant with expertise in marketing, particularly, researching about market trends and data, with ability to provide information regarding promotions, branding, media channels, price determination, price reviews, cost management as well as providing guidelines on implementation of marketing strategies for various products and services. You have been engaged as a management consultant. Required: Explain to management the factors that necessitate a business to make price reviews of its products. (10 marks) (b) Discuss the factors that a business should consider when choosing channels of distribution for its goods. (10 marks) (Total 20 marks) Question 3 Kyelima Mixed Farm Kyelima Mixed Farm (KMF) was established in 2008 by Mr. Kwagga. The farm seats on a square mile of land where both livestock and crops are taken care of. It employs over 20 workers in its different sections, namely; poultry, goats, cattle and a banana plantation. The manager, Ms. Jackie Nabalima, is very enterprising. She played an important part in encouraging the owner, Mr. Kwagga, to start up many sections from the initial one section of cattle. A diploma holder, Nabalima has encouraged Mr. Page 3 of 8 20 December, 2020Question 1 GEMMA LTD Gemma Ltd (GEL) was established in 2010 in Apac, one of the cotton growing districts in Uganda. It is engaged in processing cotton as well as manufacturing clothes for both domestic and international markets. The directors of GEL, Mr. and Mrs. Kakuru, were attracted by increasing demand for the cotton clothes preferred by most people to synthetic fibres like silk, rayon and wool that had hit the market. GEL employs both skilled and unskilled labour including family labour, locals from the area and other parts of Uganda, as well as expatriates, particularly from Egypt. Management is in the hands of excellent team players with excellent customer care, who have steered the business to great success. In 2016, GEL grew into a large business which necessitated recruitment of more skilled employees to handle current and future needs of the company. This led to new innovations enabling production of high quality fabrics. Although it is located in the village with impassable roads, GEL uses modern equipment in processing and production of its goods. This has helped the company to keep afloat. These range from plain cotton to printed cotton cloth which is tailored into different designer and trendy fashions in its tailoring section. All had been well till 2018 when there were new entrants in the business. These had almost similar technology and produced similar goods, but were low priced to enable them penetrate into the market. GEL opted to rebrand and invest in new technology. That same year, export taxes were raised to enable the government finance its projects. However, GEL's experience in the textile industry has bailed it out. They embarked on aggressive advertisement that brought in many customers who were quick to recognize GEL's products from the rest. That has meant that GEL maintains same prices of all their products.Kwagga to support skills development of the workers. The employees of each section have been equipped with skills through inviting specialists who visit the farm with the intention of teaching workers new developments in poultry rearing. In addition, the manager ensures that new workers are taken around the farm to familiarize them with what takes place at the farm. They are then sent to the different sections where they are supposed to be supervised as they do their assignments for some time to ensure that mistakes, accidents and wastage are minimized. This has not only been a blessing to KMF but also to employees who have attained growth and maturity of thought. Employees from the goats, cattle and piggery sections are always rotated. This has been good for KMF, since dismissals have not destabilized continuity at the farm and has built their confidence resulting into very low turnover at the farm. The managers of the different sections are sponsored to attend seminars, agricultural shows and expos which has improved their competence. They have been enabled to attain new and innovative ideas that have improved efficiency, quality and quantity of products from KMF. Required: (a) Describe the types of training practiced at KMF. (8 marks) (b) Explain the benefits KMF has attained from training its employees. (12 marks) (Total 20 marks) Question 4 Kwetu Ltd is a business enterprise located in Kampala city. It is engaged in a highly competitive business of producing and marketing of bottled-mineral water. Required: (a) Explain the primary objectives of Kwetu Ltd. (12 marks) (b) Describe the strategies that Kwetu should adopt to achieve the objectives in (a) above. (8 marks) (Total 20 marks)Required: (a) Explain the following term as used in the scenario. (i) Computer virus. (2 marks) (ii) Computer- based information system (CBIS). (2 marks) (iii) Software security. (2 marks) (iv) Information security. (2 marks) (b ) Explain two ways how KRI can achieve password security, authentication and physical security measures in-order to enhance the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information within their CBIS. (i) Password security. (2 marks) (ii) Authentication. (2 marks) (iii) Physical security. (2 marks) (c) Explain the three components of KRI's CBIS pointed out in the scenario. (6 marks) (Total 20 marks) Question 7 Bweyale Executive Hotel (BEH) is phasing out the manual and mechanical ways of data processing to Electronic Data Processing (EDP). For example, preparation and issuing of receipts to their guests has always been done manually. The manual type of data processing is being phased out by BEH because it has been posing a very high probability of error, it is labour intensive, very time consuming and there are many chances of repeated entries. BEH has also been using the mechanical way of having data processed. With mechanical data processing, data is processed with the help of devices or machines. These machines include calculators for arithmetic operations and type writers, among others. This method is faster, easier and more accurate than manual data processing. However, the output is still very limited. Given that BEH is phasing out both manual and mechanical ways of processing data, they have fully embraced the electronic type. EDP is the technique to Page 7 of 8process data with the use of computers. Data and a set of instructions are given to the computer as input and the computer automatically processes the data according to the given set of instructions. The computer is also known as electronic data processing machine. This method of processing data is very fast and accurate. This type of data processing comes with a number of advantages over the other two types. The processing is error-free as it is done through various programs and by using a pre-defined set of rules. Processing of a large amount of data with high accuracy is possible only with electronic data processing. The electronic data processing system is computerized and is designed to improve quality and maximize productivity. When it comes to accuracy and efficiency, there is no better method than electronic data processing. BEH's data can be quickly processed without errors. By using this method, BEH can also store large amounts of data in a form that is easily retrievable. In manual data entry, there is always the chance of repeated entries. However, with EDP, such mistakes can be completely eliminated. Another advantage is that this type of data processing requires less human intervention. That means, BEH would be hiring fewer data clerks hence successfully reducing the cost of managing data. Data in BEH is processed through three stages. In the first stage, the collected data is inputted into the system (keyboarding or uploading). In the second stage, the data is manipulated and in the third stage the processed data is outputted. Required: (a) Explain the following terms as used in the scenario. (i) Data processing. (1 mark) (ii ) The three stages of data processing. (6 marks) (b) Explain the three types of data processing referred to in the scenario. (3 marks) (c) (i) Give two reasons why BEH is phasing out the manual and mechanical means of data processing. (2 marks) (ii) Explain any four reasons why BEH has fully embraced EDP (8 marks) (Total 20 marks)