Question 5 (Ethics) (25 marks) The UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the 21st century emphasizes the need to provide minimum necessities of life. The question then is; where should the emphasis be placed regarding moral rights? (a) Explain briefly three kinds of Moral Rights. (b) (i) Describe what contractual rights and duties involve. (4) (ii) Outline the moral constraints that underlie contractual rights and duties. (4) (c) Immanuel Kant believed that there are "certain moral rights and duties that all human beings possess regardless of any utilitarian benefits that the exercise of those rights and duties may provide for others." His theory is based on a moral principle called Categorical Imperative. His theory has also been heavily criticised. (i) Discuss Kant's 2 versions of Categorical Imperative. (6) (ii) Describe the criticisms that have been highlighted against Kant's Categorical Imperative. (3) (d) Describe Robert Nozick's libertarian Objection in contrast to Kant's Categorical Imperative. (2)