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Question 7 (4 points) Saved A 2016 study looked at the effects of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) with Drospirenone (DRP, another steroid progestin) and
Question 7 (4 points) Saved A 2016 study looked at the effects of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) with Drospirenone (DRP, another steroid progestin) and metformin on the fasting plasma glucose levels (or FPG, a diabetes marker) of women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (or PCOS). After measuring the FPG levels before and after taking metformin and oral contraceptives with DRP on 32 women with PCOS, the researchers calculated a mean difference to be 0.07 mmol/L. [Source: Wang, Q. Y., Song, Y., Huang, W., Xiao, L., Wang, Q. S., & Feng, G. M. (2016). Comparison of Drospirenone- with Cyproterone Acetate-Containing Oral Contraceptives, Combined with Metformin and Lifestyle Modifications in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Metabolic Disorders: A Prospective Randomized Control Trial. Chinese medical journal, 129(8), 883-890. https://doi.org/10.4103/0366-6999.179783] Suppose the standard deviation is 0.01 mmol/L. Construct a 99% confidence interval about the mean difference of FPG levels before and after the intervention and interpret it. Hint: Please keep to at least 4 places past the decimal in your calculations! A) We are 99% confident that the sample mean difference FPG levels before and after intake of DRP-containing COCs and metformin is between -2.0654 and -1.0746. B) We are 95% confident that the true mean difference FPG levels before and after intake of DRP-containing COCs and metformin is between 0.0671 and 1.0729. C) We are 90% confident that the true mean difference FPG levels before and after intake of DRP-containing COCs and metformin is between 0.0665 and 1.0718. D) We are 100% confident that the true mean difference FPG levels before and after intake of DRP-containing COCs and metformin is between 0.0665 and 0.0735. E) We are 99% confident that the true mean difference FPG levels before and after intake of DRP-containing COCs between 0.0654 and 0.0746. and metformin is Question 911 pointel Question 6 (4 points) Saved A 2011 national study found that about 16% of all emergency department (ED) visits were not covered by any health insurance. You are curious to find out if this has changed through the years. For a month, you recorded the number of ED visits not covered by health insurance in 50 randomly selected hospitals. From this sample, the estimated proportion was found to be 16.5%. [Source: Weiss AJ, Wier LM, Stocks C, et al. Overview of Emergency Department Visits in the United States, 2011: Statistical Brief # 174. 2014 Jun. In: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Briefs [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency and Quality (US); 2006 Feb-. Available for Healthcare Research from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK235856/] Conduct a test of significance for the proportion at 10% significance level with the hypotheses Ho: p = 0.16 vs Ha: p 0.16. What is the appropriate conclusion? A) At 10% level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to say that the proportion of ED visits that are not covered by any health insurance is significantly lower than 16%. B) At 10% level of significance, there is not sufficient evidence to say that the proportion of ED visits that are not covered by any health insurance is significantly different from 16%. C) At 10% level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to say that the proportion of ED visits that are not covered by any health insurance is significantly different from 16%. D) At 10% level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to say that the proportion of ED visits that are not covered by any health insurance is significantly greater than 16%. E) At 10% level of significance, there is not sufficient evidence to say that the proportion of ED visits that are not covered by any health insurance is significantly greater than 16%.
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