Question 7 In the study of restorative justice, symbolic reparation/restitution can best be described as: Group of answer choices

actions by the offender to admit harms caused to victims and demonstrate genuine remorse for these harms

offenders performing direct service to victims in lieu of community service or other sanctions

both a and b are correct

neither a nor b are correct Question 8 Procedural Justice can best be defined as: Group of answer choices

the study of legal procedures, as opposed to case law or legal theory

a theory of justice that posits people are more likely accept consequences for breaking laws when they are treated respectfully and equitably

a theory of justice that seeks to bring victims, offenders, and other parties into dialogue to address the aftermath of offending

the study of how police actions may impact the outcome of criminal cases : Question 9 Which of the following justice approaches focuses on victim participation and redress, offender accountability and reintegration, and community involvement? Group of answer choices

Restorative Justice

Procedural Justice

Innovative Justice

Indigenous Sentencing Courts Question 10 "Conflicts as property" was a concept set forth by Norwegian criminologist Nils Christie that argued: Group of answer choices

the expertise of justice professionals is necessary to best meet the needs of victims, offenders, and the community

people have a right to directly participate in decisions about conflicts such as crime

the state has a right to stand in lieu of victims to ensure equality and due process under the law

civil courts are better suited to dealing with the aftermath of property crime than criminal courts Question 11 The process of showing strong disapproval for a criminal act but upholding the value of the offender in a way that allows them to successfully reintegrate into their community is called: Group of answer choices

distributive justice

transitional justice

therapeutic jurisprudence

reintegrative shaming Question 12 Which approach to offending generally involves integration of treatment with case processing, close and ongoing judicial monitoring, and a collaborative approach to working with offenders? Group of answer choices

Therapeutic jurisprudence

Intensive community supervision

Specialist courts

Wrap-around treatment Question 13 Testimonial epistemic injustice is a problem in the study and administration of prisons because: Group of answer choices

it relies on first-hand accounts of prison life that may be biased

it relies on people's willingness to testify in court regarding problems in prisons

it dismisses prisoner's voices about problems in prison because they are "criminals"

it allows prisoners to abuse the legal system and avoid taking responsibility for their offenses Question 14 In the study of prisons, the depravation model: Group of answer choices

views the prison environment as primary in shaping the behaviours of prisoners

views past experiences of depravation prior to incarceration as primary in shaping the behaviours of prisoners

views the prison environment and past experiences as equal in in shaping the behaviours of prisoners

views the experiences of people who were socially deprived as worse in prison compared to those who were not Question 15 Prisonisation generally refers to: Group of answer choices

the process of segregation from free society

the depravation of rights and privileges common in life outside of prison

assimilation into prison life and culture

a, b. and c are all correct