Question: An abstract is an outline$/$brief summary of your paper and your whole project. It should have an introduction, body, and

conclusion. It is a well$-$developed paragraph, should be exact in wording, and must be understandable to a wide

audience. Evaluate the importance of including an abstract in a research paper.

Read the extract below and answer ALL the questions that follow.

A scoping review of the literature featuring research ethics and research integrity cases There has been an increase in academic interest in research ethics $($RE$)$ and research integrity $($RI$)$ over the past decade. This is due, among other reasons, to the changing research environment with new and complex technologies, increased

pressure to publish, greater competition in grant applications, increased university$-$industry collaborative programs, and

growth in international collaborations. In addition, part of the academic interest in RE and RI is due to highly publicized

cases of misconduct. There is a growing body of published RE and RI cases, which may contribute to public attitudes regarding both science

and scientists. Different approaches have been used in order to analyze RE and RI cases. Studies focusing on ORI files

$($Office of Research Integrity$),$ retracted papers, quantitative surveys, data audits, and media coverage have been conducted to understand the context, causes, and consequences of these cases.