QUESTION - Central banks are one of the key participants in global financial systems given their role in formulating monetary policy thus impacting interest rates, credit and money supply and therefore economic growth and inflation. Required:

A) Compare and contrast the organizational structure and operations of the US Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank. Highlight three key differences and how they impact the role that they play in their respective financial systems.(10 marks)

B)In order to implement effective monetary policy, central banks should be independent from government. Discuss using relevant examples to illustrate and support your reasoning.(5 marks)