Question:

In the article by Gadd and Phipps (2012), they refer to the challenges faced by psychological and, specifically, neuropsychological assessment. Their study focused on a preliminary standardisation of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (a non-verbal measure) for Setswana-speaking university students. The US normative sample is described as participants (N = 899) from both genders who were screened beforehand to exclude individuals with a history of neurological, learning, emotional and attention difficulties. The South African sample consisted of university students (N = 93) from both genders, between the ages of 18 and 29, who were screened in terms of hearing and visual impairments and any history of psychiatriceurological difficulties. The latter was done to prevent contamination of the results by these variables. The students were from the University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus. Answer Questions 1 to 5.

Question 5

Gadd and Phipps (2012) found that the results of the South African sample on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test did not resemble a normal distribution and could not be converted to a normal distribution. This implies that the ...

(1) mean performance of this sample cannot be calculated

(2) standard deviation will differ below and above the mean

(3) mean and standard deviation do not provide a predetermined distribution of performance

(4) results cannot be replicated

Would 1 be the correct answer?

1.5. Suppose the elements of a two-dimensional vector x = [x1 x2] have the bivariate normal density p(x) = Prima(21, $2) as described in Section A.5.2 of Appendix A. a) Find the gradient Vp(x). Express your answer in simplified form using p(x). b) Find the derivative Op(x)/do1. Express your answer in simplified form using p(x).(2) 12. Some species of animals are censused by "rounding them all up" using a: a) linear transect and point count b) drive count and corral c) thermal infrared scanner and radar seine net and plastic bucket e) track and trail index (2) 13. Detecting radio signals from a radio-collared polar bear using a satellite makes detection of location more challenging because the frequency changes as the satellite approaches and leaves the North Pole. This phenomenon is known as: a) Dipole pause b) White noise c) Doppler shift d) Frequency modulation e) Amplitude damping (2) 14 A home range method that relies on the distribution of locations along the two directional axes (N-S, E-W) and the exclusion of outlying points improves the estimate of area used by an animal. It is called a) minimum convex polygon method b) 95% bivariate normal distribution c) minimum harmonic mean method d) fixed kernel density estimator e) shotgun scatter method