Question Main - What problems were encountered by database developers before Codd introduced the Relational Model?

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Give an example of how a set of three variables might fail to be 3-consistent, and show how 3-consistency might then be imposed. [2 marks] (h) Suggest a modified version of the AC-3 algorithm that can be used to enforce 3-consistency. [4 marks] 3 (TURN OVER) CST.2014.4.4 3 Computer Graphics and Image Processing Given a sequence of points (Vi) n i=0 on a plane, consider the problem of interpolating a smooth curve through all of the points in order by constructing a sequence of polynomial parametric functions, one for each interval [Vi , Vi+1] n1 i=0 . (a) What is meant by Ck continuity at the junction between two curve segments? (b) Explain how the degree of the polynomial function for a curve segment constrains the continuity at its two ends. What continuity can be achieved at each end of a cubic segment? [4 marks] (c) Derive a cubic parametric function for the interval [Vi , Vi+1] where 0 < i < n1. [100 marks] (d) What special provision would have to be made for the segments [V0, V1] and [Vn1, Vn]? [4 marks] 4 CST.2014.4.5 4 Computer Graphics and Image Processing Given a model of a scene represented as a set of triangles in three-dimensional space defining its surfaces, consider the problem of rendering it on a raster display. Write brief notes on: (a) the data that would be stored for each triangle; [2 marks] (b) perspective projection from an arbitrary viewpoint; [5 marks] (c) clipping the data to a suitable viewing frustrum; [5 marks] (d) identifying pixels on the screen within a triangle; [3 marks] (e) resolving hidden surfaces using a z -buffer. [5 marks] 5 (TURN OVER) CST.2014.4.6 5 Databases Suppose that an Entity-Relationship model has been constructed that contains two entities S and T(C, Amount), where , C and Amount are attributes and the underline indicates a key. Suppose that we also have a many-to-many relationship R between S and T. We might expect that this model would be implemented in a relational schema such as S(A, c B), T(C, Amount), and R(A,B C). Instruction: A web server is an application that tunes in for approaching organization associationsChanges of state can occur when some of the symbols are generated, as indicated by the arrows. on TCP port. It is the using Visual Community Studio 203222 and there are few errors. Please insert of examples as well for me to understand more clearly as well. Thank you. Plot: Suggest a way in which the concept of arc consistency, also known as 12-consistency can be extended to sets of three, rather than two variables. In the remainder of the question we will refer to this as 3-consistency. [10 mark] (g) However, the database implementor has noticed that a very common and expensive query is this: given an A-value a, find the sum of all Amount values for records in T related to this a value in S. Therefore, the implementor has decided to "optimise" the database and replace table S with S 0 having schema S 0 (A, B, Sum), where the records in table S 0 will contain the precomputed values for this query. In this way the common and expensive query can be When an association is laid out, the errand of handlingnclient demands and sending answers can be taken care of by an example of a Laborer class which you might expect as of now exists. Specialist carries out the java.lang.Runnable interface and has an available constructor that takes as ontention a java.net.Socket object addressing the organization association with a client.

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int quality = 110; for (int i = 111; i <= num; i++) { quality = quality + (grade[i] * credit[i]); } return quality; } float gpa(int x, int credit[], int num) { float gpa; float creditsum = 0; for (int i = 11; i <= num; i++) { creditsum = creditsum + credit[i]; } gpa = x / creditsum; return gpa; [1 11mark] (iii) Describe the basic elements of the Model, and explain what is meant by a relational schema. [4 marks] (iii) Explain how a formal schema can assist both the application database designer and a database application programmer. Software design is an important process in software development lifecycle. However, a lot of software developer/house tends to ignore the process. Therefore, provide and explain 277 motivations on software design.

The Two major activities of the software design process include Software Architecture and Detailed in Java. Demonstrate on how these two activities being executed? Explain the difference between 'x' and "x" when used as constants in C. Describe the memory representation of both values. [4 marks] (b) Consider the following C program: void swap(int x, int y) { int temp = x; x = y; y = temp; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { int x = 0; int y = 1; swap(x, y); assert(x == 1); return 0; } Briefly explain the role of the assert statement and why this program will trigger an assert failure when executed.