Question: Use demand and supply models to explain and illustrate how price for fresh vegetables has been affected by "another wet La Nina year, skyrocketing fuel and fertiliser costs due to the Ukraine war, and a shortage of immigrant workers". You need to articulate the determinants that lead to the price changes in vegetable market in Australia.

Article: Fruit and vegetable price hikes a struggle for shoppers wanting to support local farmers

By Fiona Breen and Sarina Locke

Australians are lucky to enjoy a never-ending summer of fruit and vegetable supply because there is always a ripening season somewhere in this huge country.

But the strain on farmers from a rolling sequence of natural disasters is increasingly evident, with supermarkets apologising for a lack of some fresh and frozen products.

"We've lost critical planting windows through every major growing area in Australia in the last few months, and you can't make that up," Tasmanian Farmers Vegetable Council chairperson Nathan Richardson said.

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Like many farmers in southern Australia, Mr Richardson has struggled to get equipment onto the paddocks to plant next season's vegetables.

He has been challenged by another wet La Nina year, skyrocketing fuel and fertiliser costs due to the Ukraine war, and a shortage of immigrant workers.

The combination of events was likely to impact supplies and prices well into 2023, with Federal Treasurer Jim Chalmers last month warning the cost of fruit and vegetables will rise by a further 8 per cent......

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"Many areas across Tasmania, Victoria and New South Wales continue to experience devastating wet weather and floods, which are continuing to impact many parts of the agriculture industry, as well as regional and rural communities," he said.

"While we do not know the full extent of the impact on vegetable crops, we know there has been a range of farmers impacted, including fruit and vegetable growers in Tasmania and other regions."