Question6

Interpersonal Role:

i. Figure Head Role:

a. Doing ceremonial duties like receiving visitors, attending the wedding of subordinates.

b. Signing documents.

c. Delivering speeches at social gatherings.

ii. Leadership Role:

Motivating subordinates and directing them towards goal accomplishment.

iii. Liaison Role:

a. Integrating organization internally and externally.

b. Integrating individuals with the organization vertically and horizontally.

c. Integrating the organization with its environment to assess the level of competition, magnitude of social change, impact of Government policies, and legislative enactment, etc.

2. Informational Role:

i. Monitoring Role:

Receiving from several sources to obtain thorough knowledge about environments influencing organization.

ii. Disseminator:

Transmitting information collected from different sources to other members of the organization.

iii. Spokesperson:

Representing organization to the outside world and explaining goals, policies decision, programmes and results of certain actions.

3. Decisional Role:

i. Entrepreneurs:

a. Whenever opportunities manifest, he initiates action for capitalizing it.

b. Absorbing changes or bringing in changes into the organization to capitalize opportunities identified through environmental scanning.

c. Conducting viability study, organizing strategy meeting with the project manager and R&D personnel.

ii. Trouble Shooter:

Intervening whenever unexpected events unfold like strike, grievances, cash flow shortage, accident, etc.

iii. Resource Allocator:

Deciding the priorities of organizational activities and allocating resources to those activities.

iv. Negotiator:

Representing an organization in negotiating deals within the organization and also with external agencies like suppliers' contractors, banks and the like.

Roles of a Manager - 3 Categories:Information Roles, Decision-Making Roles and Interpersonal Roles

Managers perform a myriad of roles in discharging their duties. Mintzberg (1973) classified managerial roles into three broad categories, namely -

1. Information roles,

2. Decision-making roles, and

3. Interpersonal roles.

1. Information Role:

In the information role, managers are expected to use state-of-the-art communication channels to extract the latest information and use it for the advantage of the organization. For example, it is necessary to keep a track about what the competitor's latest moves are. A manager, thus, must use formal and informal channels of communication to know about the competitor's actions and accordingly, prepare plans to offset their moves in order to retain and grow the market share.

In this role, managers need to monitor the latest happenings in and outside the organization, have to disseminate relevant information to the subordinates and at times, need to act as spokespersons of the organization to interact with the media and people at large.

2. Decision-Making Role:

In their decision-making role, managers have to take four kinds of decisions according to Mintzberg (1973). The first and foremost is to act as an entrepreneur within the organization and try to set new goals and objectives for it. In management jargon, they need to be the intrapreneurs to identify new opportunities of growth and make the organization exploit such opportunities.

The next role is that of a disturbance-handlera manager should take appropriate decisions in crisis situations like strikes, lock-outs, etc. to resolve conflicts between two or more people and to take care of any unforeseen circumstances requiring urgent attention and action.

Managers have to also act as resource allocators. Resources are limited for any organization and optimal utilization of resources helps in minimizing the costs and in increasing the competitiveness of the firm in the market.

There may be instances whereby there may be several competing options for resource allocation and managers have to choose the ones which would result in the best yields and outcomes. For example, a manager may have to choose between spending capital resources in either promoting the existing portfolio of products or in research and development for creating new innovative products.

1. . What Is The ______Remedy In Civil Litigation______ Is Designed To Make Amends To The Victim For Loss Suffered By The Victim?

2. What________ Is The Remedy In Civil Litigation Is _________Designed To Make The Guilty Party Fulfill His Or Her________ Obligation Or Promise To The Injured Party?

3. . What Type Of Alternative Dispute Resolution Method Is Sometimes Required By Law In Ontario;the _______Third Party Does Not Render ______A Decision But Only Clarifies Issues And Suggests Possible Solutions:

4. What Is Not True About A Tort As Distinguished From A Crime________?

5. Using __________Fault Or Blameworthy Conduct To Assess _________Liability Under Tort Law:

6. In A Strict Liability Tort, It Is________ Necessary To Prove That_____

7. This_______ Intentional Tort Involves _____Reasonable Belief That _______Threat Of Offensive Bodily Contact Is Imminent:_______

8. The Defence Of Qualified Privilege______ In A Defamation Case Means That:

9. What Needs To Be ________Proved By A Customer Who Accuses A Business Of The Tort Of Deceit?

10. In An Action For Negligence,_______ There Must Be A Close _____And Direct Connection___________ Between The Parties.________ What Is The Refers To_______________?