Questions:

• Why has the land been an important resource?
• In what ways has labor shaped race relations?
• How has the state played a role in institutionalizing racial violence?

Instructions

• Answer the question/prompt.
• Formulate a coherent thought(s) to write the response.
• Provide a clear argument
• IMPORTANT: Provide evidence from the course material to support the argument (The Course material's Screan Shot is attached below).

Land, the primary commodity Lecture Labor, human resources Topics Racialized state- sanctioned violenceLand, as a unity of analysis . To explore race relations, labor relations, nation- building projects, imperialism, colonialism, white Land, the supremacy, sovereignty, resistance, culture, and power. . "Land is life-or, at least, land is necessary for life. Thus primary contests for land can be-indeed, often are-contests for life." (Patrick Wolfe) commodity Examples: . Christopher Columbus Legacy . Manifest Destiny . Dakota Pipeline . Hawaii . Name streets, statues, and buildingsLand, the primary commodity - Settler Colonialism is a process of elimination that displaces Native Americans, positions Anglos as settlers and superior, and use arrivants such Asians, Blacks, and Mexicans to exploit their labor in order to grow and maintain an empire. - Settler Colonialism, a framework to examine U.S. History - "...an institution or system, requires violence or the threat of violence to attain its goal." - a genocidal tendency Race, class, sexuality, and gender are determining factors of the relationships that are formed between settlers, those displaced/eliminated, and arrivants. - Through the framework of settler colonialism, we can explore the ways the United States is a colonist settler-state. Settler Colonialism (Based on Eve Tuck's Work) "Settler" -Settler (stolen) land in perpetuity -Create laws and structures to maintain control over land and society .Often associated with whiteness -Are physically removed from the The settler colonial Forced to work on stolen land through violence (genocide) nation-state is Indigenous land and forced relocation maintained through: -Not seen as human -Valued Erased from historical and for their labor, not their contemporary narratives -Treaties / laws humanity or personhood -Not seen as human - termed Police / military -Often associated with "savages" (and much worse) -Prison / criminal justice system blackness -Schooling / curriculum 'Native" "Chattel Slave"Labor: is the physical, emotional, and mental abstraction of humans that can be exchanged for money. Labor, . Working at a factory. . Working in front of a computer. human . Working at a school. resources Humans own their labor and sell their labor to those that own the means of production. Goal: profit. Accumulation of wealth at the expense of the exploitation of people.Labor, human resources . First English settlement, 1607 . 1607-1776, 13 colonies were established . Colonies a monopoly W 96 . 1619, Dutch ship to Americas that brought 20 African enslaved FIRST AFRICANS IN VIRGINIA people, probably the first in what is now the United States . Indigenous Wars . Powhatan Wars, 1622 . Peqout War, 1636 . U.S. colonial world . stolen land (Indigenous peoples) . enslaved labor (Africans, Coolie labor, migrant labor)Labor, human resources TO BE SOLD, on board the Ship Bance: Mland, on tuesday the 6th of May next, at Afoley-Ferry ; a choice cargo of about 250 fine healthy NEGROES, juft arrived from the . Chattel Slavery: a system of violent forced labor. Windward & Rice Coaft. -The utmoft care has already been taken, and combs3 . Person reduced to property-> equivalent to fhall be continued, to keep them free from the leaft danger of being infected with the owning a chair SMALL-POX, no boat having been on board, and all other communication with people from Charles-Town prevented. . Slaveowner-> complete ownership and control dublin, Laurens, & Appleby. A. E. Full one Half of the above Negroes have had the SMALL-POX in their own Country.. . Status of slave-> hereditary . By 1744, 70% of labor force was enslaved and black . Old Slave Mart Museum in Charleston . South Carolina slave auction . Process of seasoning . Slaver ship crews wash, shave, rub with palm oil . Discipline use of torture, dogs, whipping . Business of SlaveryLabor migrant cast as cheap and disposable. Central and Eastern Europeans . Irish (1820s-1840s) . Germans (1880s) Labor, . Italian (1890s) . Jewish (1920s) . EXCLUSION: 1924 Immigration Quota: restricted entry to 2% human Asian . Chinese (1849-1880s) resources . Japanese (1885-1942) . Filipinos, early 20th century . Koreans: post Korean War . EXCLUSION: 1924-1965 "age of exclusion" Latinx . Mexicans (1848, 1910s, 1940s) . Chileans (1848-1850) . Central Americans (1970s-1990s) . EXLCUSION: 1930s Repartitions and 1954 Operation WetbackEXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT STATE OF C PROCLAMATION In California, our bright future depends on a full reckoning with our dark post. Earlier this year, I took the initial and necessary step to formally apologize to Calltomla Native Americans for the exploitation and violence our predecessors inflicted upon them. In doing so, we collectively recognized that Colilomia Native Americans have resisted and persisted despite the destructive and shameful actions of our ancestors. As a next step. we are creating a Truth and Healing Council to continue on this journey of reckoning with our post and healing together. Calfamia Native American communities exemplity the best of who we are - and who we could be - as Californians. Long before colonizing forces imposed themselves on these lands, Colifornia Native Americans were thriving in sustainable communilies. From the redwoods and salmon of the North Coast, to the rivers and oaks of the foothills, to the springs and mesquite trees of the desert, California Native Americans stewarded this land, building flourishing communities, speaking distinct languages and fostering vibrant cullures. California tribal nations have canied on these traditions, contributing to the rich labrie of California today and ensuring the success of our shored Racialized state- tomorrow. Tribes are social and economic forces that power not just their own communities, but those cround them. They lead our state in renewable onorgy, disaster and emergency response and natural resource management. They create jobs and provide access to public services They also work to revive languages, protect sacred sites and raise the next sanctioned violence generation to celebrate and embrace thet unique and diverse heritage. On Native American Day. we take lime to honor the contributions of tribal notions throughout our state, as well as the resilience of these remarkable Colifornians. NOW THEREFORE I, GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of the State of Calltamia, do hereby proclaim September 27, 2019, as "Native American Day." IN WITNESS WHEREOF I have he State of California to be affixed this 23% day of September 2019, GAVIN NEWSOM Governor of California ATTEST: Ri'll ALEX PADILLA Secretary of State