Radiation Health and

$39.$ All of the following pathogenic hepatitis viruses are occupational risks to dental health care workers except:

a$.$ hepatitis A virus

b$.$ hepatitis $B$ virus

c$.$ hepatitis $C$ virus

d$.$ hepatitis D virus

$40.$ Indirect transmission of a viral or bacterial infection can take place through contact with:

a$.$ aerosol from handpieces

b$.$ personal protective equipment

c$.$ contaminated instruments

d$.$ infected patients

$41.$ According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, automated cleaning equipment $($in contrast to hand scrubbing$)$ should be used to clean contaminated instruments to remove debris, to improve cleaning effectiveness, and to:

a$.$ prevent corrosion of the instruments

b$.$ permit the use of plain water instead of a detergent

c$.$ eliminate the need for final sterilization

d$.$ decrease worker exposure to blood

$42.$ Paper bags for steam sterilization are best used to package:

a$.$ explorers and periodontal probes

b$.$ metal impression tray

c$.$ lightweight nonsharp items

d$.$ hand mirrors and napkin chain

$43.$ The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that the central instrument processing area in a dental facility be divided into four main areas$-$receiving, cleaning, and decontamination; sterilization; storage; and:

a$.$ preparation and packaging

b$.$ waste disposal

c$.$ instrument sharpening

d$.$ handwashing

$44.$ What method of decontamination is recommended for high$-$ and low$-$speed handpieces before they are used on another patient?

a$.$ cleaning and disinfection

b$.$ barrier protection

c$.$ ultrasonic cleaning

d$.$ cleaning and heat sterilization

$45.$ What is the best way to prevent corrosion of dental instruments during sterilization?

a$.$ Use a dry heat sterilizer or unsaturated chemical vapor sterilizer.

b$.$ Use a steam sterilizer or a dry heat sterilizer.

c$.$ Use an unsaturated chemical vapor sterilizer or a steam sterilizer.