1. Raine et al. (1998) found that reactive and proactive murderers both had reduced prefrontal cortex functioning as compared to controls.
2. True
3. False

1 points

QUESTION 2

1. Which of the following statements is MOST consistent with the conflict perspective on the making of laws?
2. a.Laws are made to produce the greatest amount of happiness in society with the least amount of conflict.
3. b.People generally agree on what is right and wrong in society
4. c.Some acts are universally wrong.These acts become illegal.
5. d.Laws are created to suppress those people in society with the least amount of power.

1 points

QUESTION 3

1. Cesare Lombroso is famous for providing the framework and tenets of the deterrence doctrine.
2. True
3. False

1 points

QUESTION 4

1. Merton's Strain Theory is an example of a social structure theory.
2. True
3. False

1 points

QUESTION 5

1. From the natural law orientation, criminal law is seen as operating in the interest of a wealthy and powerful elite whose desires often conflict with those of members of less privileged groups.
2. True
3. False

1 points

QUESTION 6

1. Which type of offense is punishable by execution or by incarceration for a year or more?
2. a.Felonies
3. b.Misdemeanors
4. c.Violations
5. d.All of the above

1 points

QUESTION 7

1. Data for the Uniform Crime Reports are reported to the _____________ by state and local law enforcement agencies.
2. a.President
3. b.Federal Bureau of Investigation
4. c.Homeland Security
5. d.Central Intelligence Agency

1 points

QUESTION 8

1. An advantage of self-report crime surveys is that they can measure the "dark figure of crime."
2. True
3. False

1 points

QUESTION 9

1. Which of the following theories argues that a crime can only occur when a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the lack of a capable guardian converge in space and time?
2. a.Social learning thoery
3. b.Routine activities theory
4. c.Control theory
5. d.Social disorganization theory

1 points

QUESTION 10

1. Rhee and Waldman (2002) found that approximately what proportion of antisocial behavior is explained by additive genetic influences?
2. a.1%
3. b.15%
4. c.45%
5. d.92%

1 points

QUESTION 11

1. Carla would like to buy designer shoes, but is unable to make enough money to afford the shoes in a conventional job. She decides to rob a convenience store to get enough money to afford the shoes.According to Merton's Strain Theory, Carla is using which of the following adaptations?
2. a.Conformity
3. b.Ritualism
4. c.Retreatism
5. d.Innovation
6. e.Rebellion

1 points

QUESTION 12

1. Punching someone who is making fun of you is an example of reactive aggression.
2. True
3. False

1 points

QUESTION 13

1. Which of the following is an example of an extra-legal sanction?
2. A.Shame
3. B.Embarassment
4. C.Arrest
5. D.All of the above
6. E.A and B only

1 points

QUESTION 14

1. What theorist is responsible for originally developing the termanomie?
2. a.Hirschi
3. b.Merton
4. c.Durkheim
5. d.Sampson

1 points

QUESTION 15

1. Rational choice theory does a better job of explaining reactive aggression than proactive aggression because reactive aggression is more likely to be planned.
2. True
3. False

1 points

QUESTION 16

1. Some researchers argue that economically disadvantaged neighborhoods have higher crime rates, because people who are prone to commit crimes are more likely to move to these neighborhoods.This phenomenon is known as:
2. a.Contagion Effects
3. b.Social Disorganization
4. c.Diffusion of Benefits
5. d.Selection Effects

1 points

QUESTION 17

1. Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?
2. a.All criminal acts are deviant
3. b.All deviant acts are criminal
4. c.An act can be criminal but not deviant
5. d.All deviant acts violate the law

1 points

QUESTION 18

1. According to Concentric Zone Theory, which of the following zones typically has the highest crime rate?
2. a.Zone 2: The Transitional Zone
3. b.Zone 3: The Working Class Zone
4. c.Zone 4: The Residential Zone
5. d.Zone 5: The Commuter Zone

1 points

QUESTION 19

1. Franz Gall popularized _________, which argued that criminality was marked by brain abnormalities that could be identified by feeling the skull.
2. a.Genetics
3. b.Mesomorphy
4. c.Atavism
5. d.Phrenology

1 points

QUESTION 20

1. If a department store installed surveillance cameras in an attempt to try and detect criminal activity, this would be an example of ______________.
3. a.target hardening
4. b.crime displacement
5. c.crime diffusion
6. d.COMPSTAT