Ratu, a 17-year-old, lived in Motu Nui, a fictional common law country in the Pacific where the age of majority was 18 years. One day, when Ratu returned from school, he saw two short, fat men outside his house. The two men introduced themselves as Mr Armstrong I and Mr Armstrong II from an insurance company. They said to Ratu: "Your dear grandfather died earlier today in Japan." Ratu grew up with his grandfather and had no other family member. At first, Ratu was in disbelief, but when he saw the two men's serious faces, he started to feel worried and began to cry. The two men waited and watched Ratu's reaction silently and coldly. Ratu was crying quietly at first, but he soon could not control his emotions. When Ratu's cry became a feverish panic, Mr Armstrong I gave a look at Mr Armstrong II, who knowingly nodded and pulled out a 30 -page contract from his briefcase. Ratu rubbed his teary eyes and looked at the contract quizzically.

Mr Armstrong II explained to Ratu: 'Your grandfather bought a life insurance and you are the beneficiary of his life insurance policy. You will get 500,000 dollars from the insurance company on your 18^th birthday. But it does not seem that you want wait that long, doesn't it? You have no other family member, no work experience or skills. How are you going to survive without money before your 18th birthday? Who will look after you?" Mr Armstrong I added: "Let us help you. We will settle this claim on this very day, if you agree to sign this contract to use the 500,000 dollars to purchase this highly profitable apartment in England. You can then live on the handsome rents this apartment generates.

Sign this contract, and you will not have to worry about anything." As he said this, Mr Armstrong I flipped through the pages of the contract to the last page and showed Ratu the signature line on that page. At this stage, Mr Armstrong II promptly gave Ratu a pen and said: 'Don't miss this amazing deal, little boy! We are trying to help you.' Ratu told the two men he needed time to think about it. Mr Armstrong I said: 'sorry, young boy. That is not possible. We have to report to the company immediately with a decision on this. It is your choice to sign it now and be happy or face poverty and be miserable until you are 18.' Ratu did not know what to do and with a mixed of emotions of sadness, confusion, and vulnerability, he took the pen from Mr Armstrong II and signed on the last page of the contract. Mr Armstrong I and Mr Armstrong II gave Ratu a carbon copy of the contract and left. What Mr Armnstrong I and Mr Amstrong II did not tell Ratu was the actual cost of the apartment was $200,000.00.

Advice Ratu regarding the purchase of the apartment.