Read the case carefully, then compute NPV, IRR, Payback Period, and Discounted Payback Period for each of the investments (this is the answer to Question 1c). Answer questions 1-1d and show all of your work! (Hint: Question 1d asks you to imagine what type of investments are given, this could be anything with similar cashflows. For example, project 1 looks like a bond with a 33% coupon rate.

The Investment Detective The essence of capital budgeting and resource allocation is a search for good investments to place the firms capital. The process can be simple when viewed in purely mechanical terms, but a number of subtle issues can obscure the best investment choices. The capital-budgeting analyst, therefore, is necessarily a detective who must winnow bad evidence from good. Much of the challenge is in knowing what quantitative analysis to generate in the first place. Suppose you are a new capital-budgeting analyst for a company considering investments in the eight projects listed in Exhibit 1. The chief financial officer of your company has asked you to rank the projects and recommend the four best that the company should accept. In this assignment, only the quantitative considerations are relevant. No other project characteristics are deciding factors in the selection, except that management has determined that projects 7 and 8 are mutually exclusive. All the projects require the same initial investment: $2 million. Moreover, all are believed to be of the same risk class. The firms weighted average cost of capital has never been estimated. In the past, analysts have simply assumed that 10% was an appropriate discount rate (although certain officers of the company have recently asserted that the discount rate should be much higher). You should consider all of the methods you learned in class to inspect cashflows (IRR, NPV, MIRR, Payback, D. Payback). To stimulate your analysis, consider the following questions:

1. Can you rank the projects simply by inspecting the cash flows?

1b. What criteria might you use to rank the projects? Which quantitative ranking methods are better? Why?

1c. What is the ranking you found by using quantitative methods? Does this ranking differ from the ranking obtained by simple inspection of the cash flows?

1d. What kinds of real investment projects have cash flows similar to those in Exhibit 1? EXHIBIT 1 | Projects Free Cash Flows (dollars in thousands)

EXHIBIT 1 | Projects' Free Cash Flows (dollars in thousands) 4 6 Project number: Initial investment 1 2. $(2,000) $(2,000) 3 $(2,000) 5 7 8 $(2,000) $(2,000) $(2,000) $(2,000) $(2,000) $ 2,200* $1,666 334* 165 $ 160 200 350 $1,200 900* 300 90 70 395 432 440* 442 $ (350) (60) 60 350 700 1,200 $ 2,250* 330 444 Year 1 $ 330 2 330 3 330 4 330 5 330 6 7 330* 8 $1,000 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Sum of cash flow benefits $3,310 Excess of cash flow over initial investment $1,310 $ 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280* 280 280 280 280 280 280 $ 280 446 448 450 451 451 452 $10,000* $(2,000) $2,165 $10,000 $ 3,561 $4,200 $ 2,200 $2,560 $ 4,150 $ 165 $ 8,000 $ 1,561 $2,200 $ 200 $ 560 $ 2,150 *Indicates year in which payback was accomplished. EXHIBIT 1 | Projects' Free Cash Flows (dollars in thousands) 4 6 Project number: Initial investment 1 2. $(2,000) $(2,000) 3 $(2,000) 5 7 8 $(2,000) $(2,000) $(2,000) $(2,000) $(2,000) $ 2,200* $1,666 334* 165 $ 160 200 350 $1,200 900* 300 90 70 395 432 440* 442 $ (350) (60) 60 350 700 1,200 $ 2,250* 330 444 Year 1 $ 330 2 330 3 330 4 330 5 330 6 7 330* 8 $1,000 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Sum of cash flow benefits $3,310 Excess of cash flow over initial investment $1,310 $ 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280* 280 280 280 280 280 280 $ 280 446 448 450 451 451 452 $10,000* $(2,000) $2,165 $10,000 $ 3,561 $4,200 $ 2,200 $2,560 $ 4,150 $ 165 $ 8,000 $ 1,561 $2,200 $ 200 $ 560 $ 2,150 *Indicates year in which payback was accomplished