Read the descriptions of experiments below. For each, identify the independent and dependent variables.

1) An advertiser wants to test two different promotional offers made through television commercials. It creates two identical advertisements that differ only in the details of the two offers. Music, graphics, narration, and visuals are otherwise identical. Working with an area cable provider, the company arranges to have the first version of the television ad distributed to select cable channels in randomly selected neighborhoods, and the other version distributed to other randomly selected neighborhoods. The company then measures sales by promotional offer.

2) A agricultural products company wants to test demand for a new feed additive given to cattle that promotes growth and boosts immunity. The company develops two pricing programs for the additive and then offers one or the other to randomly assigned samples of corporate owned and independently owned cattle feedyards and measures sales under the two pricing plans.

3) An oil company and convenience store operator wants to reposition its stores as somewhat more upscale and service oriented than its competitors. Rather than competitor match prices on gasoline, the company wants to add higher quality in-store products as well as a "valet" service for drinks and snacks where a store clerk will bring items to customers while they are fueling their cars. The company wants to see if the increased products and services will attract enough customers willing to pay a bit more for their gasoline. The company randomly selects stores to participate and measures in-store and gasoline sales during the test period against sales at stores not selected to participate