Read the following carefully and answer ALL questions, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 2 (2010) 3575-3579 Improving the speaking ability in English: The students' perspective By Nadeem Khan and Arshad AN Institute of Education and Research (TER), University of Peshawar, Pakistan Received November 15, 2009; revised December 3, 2009; accepted January 25, 2010 The main focus of the study was to know English as a subject and as a language, the quality of the textbooks, opportunities of listening to good English with proper correct pronunciation and to highlight those various exercises/activities, Le. seminars, group discussions and debates competitions, old, were regularly being arranged or not The study was descriptive in nature. The researchers selected 20 male students and 20 female students from 4 Govt. colleges in district Charsadda (N.W.F.P. Pakistan) studying at the first year and second year level through stratified random sampling procedure. The data was collected through a questionnaire having alternate Moms, The questionnaire was designed by consulling experts in the concerned field. It was tabulated in the form of counting frequencies and then analyzed through percentages. The main findings of the study were: by teaching English as a subject to the students and not as a language give vent to rote memory only to pass the examination out of burden. Enough time is not given to various exercises and opportunities for the improvement of speaking ability. Students also complained of scolding and discouraging by their teachers for not speaking correctly, More than half the students responded that their teachers did not speak English most of the time in the classes of English. Although the teachers and students are equally responsible for the poor speaking ability, yet the teachers are more responsible by having the professional knowledge and skies. To improve the speaking ability, more stress on the quality of books at the basic level, enough time given to speaking and phonetic drills of students, no scolding but provision of friendly environment, making practical and applicable strategies by teachers for students while speaking most of the time in English, develop boldness and confidence in students for asking questions from their teachers, no overcrowded classes, awards and motivation for students, the role of media such as listening to CNN and BBC, inclusion of viva- voce in the examination system at various levels for checking the competence of the candidates, up to-date and constant training of teachers, arranging various activities and balance in the courses with respect to literature and language should be there to provide opportunities to improve the language competency of students. Questions: a. Identify THREE (3) types of referencing format which is commonly used and write out this article in the APA reference format. (3 Marks) b. With reference to the variables in this study; i)List out all the variables involved in this study. (3 Marks) Identify ONE (1) intrinsic extrinsic and contextual factor that corresponds to this study (you may use the variables identified by this study but not limited to it. (3 Marks) Rasaarch Mamods (BAD93024) CONFIDENTIAL May 2027 Final Examinstan c. What are the objectives of the study and list out the results which corresponds to the corresponding objectives. Is there any objective not answered in this write up? (8 Marks) d. Referring to the methodology in this study: Describe the sampling methodology used. List out population, sample, the sampling method as well as the sample size. (5 Marks) Illustrate by your understanding (step by step technique) how the stratified sampling method could have been used to take the sample