Read the following extract and answer the questions that follow. The Impact of COVID-19: The Conundrum of South Africa's Socio-Economic Landscape Trust between Citizens & Institutions March 3, 2021, Sanusha Naidu Like all countries caught in the first wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic, the Ramaphosa government has had to take some tough decisions: ease into a hard lock-down regulation or take a softer but cautious approach. South Africa was quick out of the starting blocks opting for a hard lockdown that imposed strict curfew restrictions that only allowed certain essential sectors to operate, forced small and medium businesses to endure greater strain on their operations, limited social gatherings and urged social distancing and mask wearing as part of the personal protective measures. The harshest impact was on the alcohol and tobacco industries that saw the sale of these products being banned. Prior to the onslaught of COVID-19, South Africa had slid into a technical recession by the end of 2019. This was the second time that the country had recorded a recession under Cyril Ramaphosa's Presidency. By the start of 2020, the South African economy was experiencing some of its worst structural economic constraints Source: https://www.accord.org.za/analysis/the-impact-of-covid-19-the-conundrum-of-south- africas-socio-economic-landscape/ Discuss how monetary and fiscal policy can be used to mitigate the impact of covid-19 on the South African economy