Read the narative and answer ALL following question

Ethics are the rules that define moral conduct according to the ideology of a specific group. Moreover, ethics in public administration are important for good business conduct based on the needs of a specific town, state or country. Adhering to a code of ethics can be challenging. Ethics provide accountability between the public and the administration. Adhering to a code of ethics ensures that the public receives what it needs in a fair manner. It also gives the administration guidelines for integrity in their operations. That integrity, in turn, helps foster the trust of the community. By creating this atmosphere of trust, the administration helps the public understand that they are working with their best interests in mind. Additionally, a code of ethics creates standards of professionalism that co-workers in the public sector can expect from each other the public can also expect the same from their leaders. With a strong code of ethics in public administration, leaders have the guidelines they need to carry out their tasks and inspire their employees and committees to enforce laws in a professional and equitable manner. Another positive outcome of good ethics in public administration is timely and informative communication with the community. This kind of transparency builds trust and prevents or minimizes the potential issues that can arise when information is divulged from outside sources. If there is something of consequence that the public needs to know about, it's better for it to come directly from the leaders and administration. Communication and negotiations with stakeholders also keeps all parties involved so that they can all work toward a common goal. Good communication and negotiation skills ensures that the community can engage their leaders on important issues. When it comes to communication and negotiations, strong ethics are paramount. Unshakable ethical standards and an ethical code of conduct might in some case lead to conflict. In the public sector, ethics addresses the fundamental premise of a public administrator's duty as a "steward" to the public. In other words, it is the moral justification and consideration for ethical decisions and actions made during the completion of daily duties when working to provide the general services of government and non-profit organisations. Ethics are an accountability standard by which the public will scrutinise the work being conducted by the members of these organisations. Decisions are based upon ethical principles, which are the perception of what the general public would view as correct. Having such a distinction ensures that public administrators are not acting on an internal set of ethical principles without first questioning whether those principles would hold to public scrutiny. It also has placed an additional burden upon public administrators regarding the conduct of their personal lives. Public sector ethics is an attempt to create a more open atmosphere within governmental operations.

A d a p t e d f r o m (https://academicpartnerships.uta.edu/articles/public-administration/the-importance-of-ethics-in-publicadministration. aspx)

Question 1 (50 Marks)

Cooper proposed a mechanism for transitioning from an ethical quandary to acceptable solutions and consequences. This concept takes a logical, systematic approach to ethical decision-making. Explain the levels of ethical decision-making and analyze the phases in Cooper's decision-making model critically.

Question 2 (50 Marks)

Communication and agreements with stakeholders, according to the story, keep all parties interested and allow them to work toward a common goal. Good communication and bargaining abilities ensure that the community's leaders can be engaged on key topics. Discuss the critical role that public managers play in communication and, using practical examples, discuss the main components required to promote effective communication.

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