1. Read the three definitions - population health, public health, community health - below.

"Population health, public health, and community health all have the goal of improving health but go about it in different ways" (Eccovia, 2018).

Population Health Population health is the act of improving the wellbeing of a group sharing a similar characteristic, such as age, geographic location/proximity, health challenge (i.e., chronic heart disease, cancer, etc.), employees of the same company, physical disability, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, etc. It has an emphasis on the societal structures, attitudes, and behaviours which influence health."

(Colleaga, 2022; Ecovia, 2018; Bresnick, 2017)

Public Health "A simple definition would be whatever [Public Health officials] consider to be their responsibility to prevent illness and improve health. This usually includes infectious disease prevention and eradication, monitoring environmental factors like water quality and air pollution from a health perspective, or implementing programs/policies to address a wide range of wellness issues. Public health tends to focus primarily on large scale health concerns or threats and on the direct prevention of disease."

(Colleaga, 2022; Public Health Ontario, 2022; Ecovia, 2018; Bresnick, 2017

Community Health "Community health is generally rooted in the collective efforts of individuals and organizations who work to promote health within a geographically (Toronto, Parkdale, etc.) or culturally defined group (Iranian/Tibetan/Jewish/Black/Immigrant/Islamic/2SLGBTQ+/low-income/women/etc. While community health shares similarities with both population health and public health it tends to be more strictly geographically based. Community health usually focuses on influencing public policy, creating shared community resources, and taking a more holistic approach to healthy living. Community health directly addresses the social determinants of health - including the community and its relevant characteristics - that can prevent people from attaining and maintaining positive health outcomes. Community health initiatives function as collaborative enterprises that use evidence-based strategies to engage and work with communities, in a culturally appropriate manner."

(AdventHealth University, 2020; Ecovia, 2018; Bresnick, 2017)

1. Respond to the question(s) that follow the definitions.

• Use the definitions above ('Definitions' section) and conduct research using credible, valid research sources to respond to the following:
  • Identify and describe three (3) separate and distinct/different health initiatives/programs within Canada; one (1) health initiative/program for each of the three (3) different definitions: one (1) for population health; one (1) for public health; and one (1) for community health.
  • Discuss how each of the three (3) distinct/different health initiatives/programs meet the criteria noted in the specific definition that it is representing.
  • Reflect on whether you or someone you know would benefit from any of the three health initiatives/programs identified/described.