Read thefollowingand answer thequestionsthatfollow:

Reconstitutionand environmental restoration

Landdegradationand desertificationaresevere danger forsoil- one of main,non- renewable resourcesinsuring foodproductionand ecosystemsbalance.Pedotechnologies aretechnologies aimedto designappropriateactions torestore landaccording to their expecteduseor tocreate adhocsoils, usingsuitablematerialsfrom anthropic activities. Thesesoils are called"anthropogenic".

Considering reconstituted soils, theyaregenerated by atargetedchemical-mechanical treatmentof severalmeasuredmatrices, and notonlybythesinglemixingof thedifferent components, in this wayreconstitutedsoilsproperties are different fromthat resultingbythe simple mixtureof components.

Reconstitutedsoilsproperties arethe result of reconstitution:basedoncompositionand targetedsuccessionofchemical-mechanical actionsonthemixture, losing thecharacters of theoriginalmaterials used. This iscrucialtodiscriminatereconstituted soilsfrom Technosolsproducedbysimplematricesmixing. Reconstitutionis apedotechnology able toproducegreatamount of soilfromdegradedand sterile soils, producing Technosols with chemical and physical fertility.

Materials environmental andagronomical suitable - called pedotechnomaterials are used in reconstitution: theseinclude wastefromindustrial activities analyzed on each individual production processandsubjectedtometiculousprocedurescheck.Tovaluate a soil environmentaloragronomicrestoration there is theneedtocom-pare soil characters beforeandafter intervention, throughsoil chemical-physical analyses, agronomictestsand usingindices todetermine thesoil quality.

Indices ofsoil qualityand fertilityaretheevaluationsof physical, chemicaland bi-ological charactersthanksto soilisameansto sustain plantslifeandto provideecosystemservices. Indicesmust provideuseful answersfor management andmustbecorrelatedwithplant growth.

LandCapabilityClassificationisusedto classifylands not basedonspecificculturesor agricultural practicesbutfor largeagro-pastoralsystems. LCC does not referonlytosoil

physical properties, which determineitsmoreorless attitudeforcrops,asregardsthelimi-

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tationstoagriculturalusein general; limitations thatalso derivefrom thequalityof thesoil, butaboveall fromtheenvironment in which itis.

The limitationconstitut-ed bythelow productivity, linked tosoil chemicalfertilityparameters is relatedtothephysicallandscape(morphology, climate, vegetation) that theygivetothe samelimitationadifferentintensitydependingonwhether theserequirementsare permanentlyunfavourable or not.FertilityCapabilityClassification (FCC) evaluatesthesoil fertility,not in relation tomorphologyorevolution, butbasedonthephysico-chemical properties of thetopsoil(0-20cm).

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329443390_The_reconstitution_environmental_restoration_assessment_by_mens_of_LCC_and_FCC

1.1 Withregardstothecasestudy, evaluatetheimplications of reconstitutionand restorationinproject riskmanagement. (12)