Read this chapter to solve problem 2 below: plase read this chapter and Answer the Following Question Problem 2

answer problem 2 below after reading the chapter:

371 11.2 Directories ed on directory files. For instance, the user must be able to list all tory. Other common operations are creating, files in the direc searched to see whether a particular file is in the directory d renaming files within a directory. Furthermore, the directory other key issue when it comes to directory management is the need to t the relationships among directories, as discussed in the next section. s Directory Trees lirectory of files can be contained within another directory. The direc ontaining another directory is usually called the parent directory, and inside is called a subdirectory. You can set up such nested directo- often as needed to help organize the file system. One directory can ntain many subdirectories. Furthermore, subdirectories can contain their own subdirectories, creating a hierarchy structure. To visualize this hier archy, a file system is often viewed as a directory tree, showing directoriesDirectory tree A struc- and files within other directories. The directory at the highest level is called the root directory ture showing the nested directory organization of the file system As an example, consider the directory tree shown in Figure 11.4. This Root directory The topmost directory, in which all others are contained tree represents a very small part of a file system that might be found on a mputer using some flavor of the Microsoft Windows operating stem. The root of the directory system is referred to using the drive letter C: followed by the backslash (\) currently active subdirectory In this directory tree, the root directory contains three subdirectories ows, My Documents, and Program Files. Within the WINDows direc r subdirectories tory, there is a file called calc.exe as well as two othe s and System). Those directories contain other files and subdirec ories. Keep in mind that all of these directories in a real system would typically contain many more subdirectories and files Personal computers often use an analogy of folders to represent the directory structure, which promotes the idea of containment (folders inside other folders, with some folders ultimately containing documents or other data). The icon used to show a directory in the graphical user interface of n operating system is often a graphic of a manila file folder such as the kind you would use in a physical file drawer. directory, and in its subdirectory called downloads). The nested directory structure allows for multiple files to have the same name. All the files in any one directory must have unique names, but files in different directories or subdirectories can have the same name. These files may or may not contain In Figure 11.4, two files have the name util.zip (in the My Documents ular the same data; all we know is that they have the same name. ation (that is, a particular subdirectory) of the file system. This subdi ory is referred to as the current working dire:ry. As you " t any point in time, you can be thought of as working in a partic in the file system, the current working directory changes