Recently, the anti-trust authorities in several countries took action against large companies such as Google, Apple and Alibaba. For example, large fines were imposed against Alibaba and Apple for their anti-competition practices. Please comment on these cases. (You may read the Wall Street Journal's articles: "Alibaba Hit With Record$2.8 Billion Antitrust Fine in China" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/alibaba-hit-with-record-2-8-billion-antitrust-fine-by-chinas-market- regulator-11618018830) and "Apple Faces$1.2 Billion Fine for Alleged French Distribution Car-

tel" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/apple-faces-1-2-billion-fine-for-alleged-french-distribution-cartel- 11584370369)). [12 marks]