Reconstitution and environmental restoration Land degradation and desertification are severe danger for soil - one of main, non-renewable resources insuring food production and ecosystems balance. Pedotechnologies are technologies aimed to design appropriate actions to restore land according to their expected use or to create ad hoc soils, using suitable materials from anthropic activities. These soils are called anthropogenic. Considering reconstituted soils, they are generated by a targeted chemical-mechanical treatment of several measured matrices, and not only by the single mixing of the different components, in this way reconstituted soils properties are different from that resulting by the simple mixture of components. Reconstituted soils properties are the result of reconstitution: based on composition and targeted succession of chemical-mechanical actions on the mixture, losing the characters of the original materials used. This is crucial to discriminate reconstituted soils from Technosols produced by simple matrices mixing. Reconstitution is a pedotechnology able to produce great amount of soil from degraded and sterile soils, producing Technosols with chemical and physical fertility. Materials environmental and agronomical suitable - called pedotechnomaterials are used in reconstitution: these include waste from industrial activities analyzed on each individual production process and subjected to meticulous procedures check. To valuate a soil environmental or agronomic restoration there is the need to com-pare soil characters before and after intervention, through soil chemical-physical analyses, agronomic tests and using indices to determine the soil quality. Indices of soil quality and fertility are the evaluations of physical, chemical and bi-ological characters thanks to soil is a means to sustain plants life and to provide ecosystem services. Indices must provide useful answers for management and must be correlated with plant growth. Land Capability Classification is used to classify lands not based on specific cultures or agricultural practices but for large agro-pastoral systems. LCC does not refer only to soil physical properties, which determine its more or less attitude for crops, as regards the limi-tations to agricultural use in general; limitations that also derive from the quality of the soil, but above all from the environment in which it is. The limitation constitut-ed by the low productivity, linked to soil chemical fertility parameters is related to the physical landscape (morphology, climate, vegetation) that they give to the same limitation a different intensity depending on whether these requirements are permanently unfavourable or not. Fertility Capability Classification (FCC) evaluates the soil fertility, not in relation to morphology or evolution, but based on the physico-chemical properties of the top soil.

3.1 With regards to the case study, evaluate the implications of reconstitution and restoration in project risk management. (16)

3.2 With reference to the case study, provide your opinion on the significance of quality risk planning to a project manager. (9)