Redspot Ltd produces three products: P, Q and R. P and R are joint products and Q is a by-product of P. No joint costs are to be allocated to the by-product. The production processes for a given year are as follows:

• In department 1, 220,000 kg of direct material are processed at a total cost of $240,000. After processing in department 1, 60% of the output is transferred to Department 2 and 40% of the output (now R) is transferred to department 3.
• In department 2, the material is processed further at a total additional cost of $80,000. 70% of the output (now P) is transferred to department 4 and 30% emerges as Q, the by-product, to be sold at $1.50 per kg. Separable marketing costs for Q are $16,000.
• In department 3, R is processed at a total additional cost of $160,000. In this department, a normal loss of units of R occurs, which equals 10% of the good output of R. The remaining good output of R is sold for $8.00 per kg.
• In department 4, P is processed further at an additional cost of $44,000. After this processing, P is ready for sale at $5.00 per kg.

1. Plot the current production processes. Indicate the quantities, the selling prices and all the costs incurred in each stage of the production process for manufacturing and selling P, Q and R. Also, indicate the joint costs, the split-off point and the separable costs.
2. Devise a schedule showing the allocation of the joint costs between P and R using the estimated NRV method. Show all your workings to compute the estimated NRV of each product. When allocating the joint costs, the estimated NRV of Q should be treated as an addition to the sales value of P. Round the weighting percentages to the closest integer. How much of the joint costs will be allocated respectively to P and to R?
3. Ignore your answer to requirement b). Assume that $120,000 of joint costs were allocated to P. Assume also that there were 84,000 kg of P and 40,000 kg of Q available to sell. Make an income statement that identifies the gross margin (use the cost of goods sold format) for P. Use the separable costs and selling prices provided in the original data for P and Q and the following additional information:

• During the year, sales of P were 80% of the kilograms available for sale. There was no opening stock.
• The estimated NRV of Q available for sale is to be deducted from the cost of producing P. The closing stock of P is to be based on the net costs of production.

What is the gross margin percentage generated by P? Round your answer to the closest integer.