Remnant Carpet Company sells and installs commercial carpeting for office buildings. Remnant Carpet Company uses a job order cost system. When a prospective customer asks for a price quote on a job, the estimated cost data are inserted on an unnumbered job cost sheet. If the offer is accepted, a number is assigned to the job, and the costs incurred are recorded in the usual manner on the job cost sheet. After the job is completed, reasons for the variances between the estimated and actual costs are noted on the sheet. The data are then available to management in evaluating the efficiency of operations and in preparing quotes on future jobs. On October 1, Remnant Carpet Company gave Jackson Consulting an estimate of $9,450 to carpet the consulting firms newly leased office. The estimate was based on the following data:

Estimated direct materials:
200 meters at $35 per meter	$7,000
Estimated direct labor:
16 hours at $20 per hour	320
Estimated factory overhead (75% of direct labor cost)	240
Total estimated costs	$7,560
Markup (25% of production costs)	1,890
Total estimate	$9,450

On October 3, Jackson Consulting signed a purchase contract, and the delivery and installation were completed on October 10.

The related materials requisitions and time tickets are summarized as follows:

Materials Requisition No.	Description	Amount
112	140 meters at $35	$4,900
114	68 meters at $35	2,380

Time Ticket No.	Description	Amount
H10	10 hours at $20	$200
H11	10 hours at $20	200

Required:

Enter amounts as positive numbers.

1. Complete that portion of the job order cost sheet that would be prepared when the estimate is given to the customer.

2. Record the costs incurred, and complete the job order cost sheet.

JOB ORDER COST SHEET

Customer		Jackson Consulting			Date	October 1
					Date wanted	October 10
					Date completed	October 10
					Job. No.
ESTIMATE

Direct Materials

Direct Labor

Summary

Amount

Amount

Amount

200 Meters at $35

$

16 Hours at $20

$

Direct Materials

$

Direct Labor

Factory Overhead

Total

$

Total

$

Total cost

$

ACTUAL

Direct Materials

Direct Labor

Summary

Mat. Req. No.

Description

Amount

Time Ticket No.

Description

Amount

Item

Amount

112

140 Meters at $35

$

H10

10 Hours at $20

$

Direct Materials

$

Direct Labor

114

68 Meters at $35

H11

10 Hours at $20

Factory Overhead

Total

$

Total

$

Total Cost

$

What is the best explanation for the variances between actual costs and estimated costs. (For this purpose, assume that the additional meters of material used in the job were spoiled, the factory overhead rate has proven to be satisfactory, and an inexperienced employee performed the work.)

1. The direct materials cost exceeded the estimate by $280 because 8 meters of materials were spoiled. The direct labor cost exceeded the estimate by $80 because an additional 4 hours of labor were used by an inexperienced employee. The factory overhead cost exceeded the estimate because an additional $60 of factory overhead was allocated because of the increase in direct labor.
2. Management didn't provide enough direction to complete tasks on budget.
3. The direct materials cost exceeded the estimate by $75 because 3 meters of materials were spoiled.
4. The direct labor cost exceeded the estimate by $120 because an additional 4 hours of labor were used by an inexperienced employee.

Select the correct answer from the above choices.