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A ductile hot$-$rolled steel bar has a minimum yleld strength in tension and compression of $350$MPa. Using the distortionenergy and maximum$-$shear$-$stress theorles, determine the factors of safety for the following plane stress states.

${}_x=-48$MPa,${}_y=-68$MPa, and ${}_{xy}=-48$MPa

The factor of safety from the maximum$-$shear$-$stress theory is $,$ and the factor of safety from the distortion$-$energy theory is