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Alfonso began the year with a tax basis in his partnership interest of $$19,000.$ His share of partnership liabilities at the

beginning and end of the year consists of $$6,000$ of recourse liabilities and $$10,000$ of nonrecourse liabilities. During the

year, he was allocated $$36,000$ of partnership ordinary business loss. Alfonso does not materially participate in this

partnership, and he has $$3,000$ of passive income from other sources.

c$.$ How much of Alfonso's loss is limited by the passive activity loss rules?

Loss limited by passive activity loss rules