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Nicole has been financing Nicole's Getaway Spa $($NGS$)$ using equity financing. Currently NGS has authorized $100,000$ nopar preferred shares and $200,000$$$2$ par common shares. Outstanding shares include $52,000$ preferred shares and $42,000$ common shares.

Recently the following transactions have taken place.

a$.$ NGS issues $1,100$ preferred shares for $$13$ a share.

b$.$ NGS repurchases $1,100$ common shares for $$12$ a share.

c$.$ On November $12,$ the board of directors declares a $$0\mathrm{.}30$ cash dividend on each outstanding preferred share.

d$.$ The dividend is paid December $20.$

$4.$ How would each transaction affect the ROE ratio? $($Use $+$ for increase, $-$ for decr fase, and NE for no effect.$)$

$\backslash$table$[[$Transaction$,$ROE$],[$a$.,],[$b$.,],[$c$.,],[$d$.,]]$