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Research and Development Expense International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) reported the following on its 2018 form 10-K. $ millions Total revenue 2018 2017 2016
Research and Development Expense International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) reported the following on its 2018 form 10-K. $ millions Total revenue 2018 2017 2016 $79,591 $79,139 $79,919 Research, development and engineering expense Number of new patents awarded 5,379 5,590 5,726 9,100 9,043 8,088 Required a. Calculate IBM's common-size research, development and engineering expense for each year. What pattern do we observe? Note: Round percentage to one decimal places (for example, enter 6.7% for 6.6555%). 2018 2017 2016 RD&E expense common-size % % % RD&E Expense relative to sales has over the years from 2016 to 2018.
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