Research Question: Is there evidence that one species of penguins is more or less prevalent in the Anvers region?

(i) Produce a plot of the data to explore the research question:

Ensure that each plot has a title/caption

Refer to and describe what the plot indicates in relation to the research question in your report - ie what does the plot suggest? (ii) Identify the relevant statistical (hypothesis) test and conduct the appropriate analysis to answer the research question by:

Following the steps of hypothesis testing explicitly

In addition to stating the hypotheses in words, provide the corresponding mathematical notation, where appropriate

State and check the necessary conditions for each test, referring to relevant plots

Include relevant confidence intervals.

(iii) Calculate and present all relevant test statistics and associated output using RStudio.

When including RStudio output in this section please follow presentation guidelines.

Text output from RStudio should be presented in a table, with an appropriate caption above the table

Plots should be presented as a figure, with an appropriate caption below the figure

(iv) Give a concise and informative interpretation of your findings by:

Referring to your stated hypotheses as well as any relevant calculated values from your RStudio output including summary statistics, test statistics, degrees of freedom, p-values and confidence intervals.

Relating it to the context of the research question

DATA:

Sample Number	Species	Island	CulmenLength	FlipperLength	Sex
18	Adelie	Torgersen	42.5	197	MALE
104	Adelie	Biscoe	37.8	190	MALE
120	Gentoo	Biscoe	NA	NA	NA
14	Chinstrap	Dream	52	201	MALE
142	Adelie	Dream	40.6	187	MALE
107	Adelie	Biscoe	38.6	199	FEMALE
13	Adelie	Torgersen	41.1	182	FEMALE
68	Chinstrap	Dream	50.2	198	FEMALE
14	Adelie	Torgersen	38.6	191	MALE
44	Chinstrap	Dream	45.5	196	FEMALE
49	Gentoo	Biscoe	44.9	213	FEMALE
46	Chinstrap	Dream	50.8	201	MALE
26	Chinstrap	Dream	52	197	MALE
114	Gentoo	Biscoe	51.5	230	MALE
29	Gentoo	Biscoe	48.2	210	FEMALE
127	Adelie	Torgersen	38.8	191	FEMALE
78	Adelie	Torgersen	37.2	184	MALE
109	Adelie	Biscoe	38.1	181	FEMALE
130	Adelie	Torgersen	44.1	210	MALE
5	Chinstrap	Dream	52.7	197	MALE
60	Gentoo	Biscoe	50.4	224	MALE
20	Gentoo	Biscoe	48.7	222	MALE
144	Adelie	Dream	40.7	190	MALE
37	Adelie	Dream	38.8	190	MALE
112	Adelie	Biscoe	45.6	191	MALE
16	Gentoo	Biscoe	49.3	217	MALE
74	Gentoo	Biscoe	46.5	217	FEMALE
64	Adelie	Biscoe	41.1	192	MALE
113	Gentoo	Biscoe	43.5	213	FEMALE
89	Adelie	Dream	38.3	189	MALE
119	Gentoo	Biscoe	47.2	214	FEMALE
61	Adelie	Biscoe	35.7	185	FEMALE
15	Adelie	Torgersen	34.6	198	MALE
59	Chinstrap	Dream	50.2	202	MALE
19	Adelie	Torgersen	34.4	184	FEMALE
4	Chinstrap	Dream	45.4	188	FEMALE
21	Gentoo	Biscoe	50.2	218	MALE
38	Adelie	Dream	42.2	180	FEMALE
1	Adelie	Torgersen	39.1	181	MALE
82	Gentoo	Biscoe	52.5	221	MALE
81	Adelie	Torgersen	34.6	189	FEMALE
40	Gentoo	Biscoe	48.7	208	MALE
37	Gentoo	Biscoe	42.6	213	FEMALE
73	Adelie	Torgersen	39.6	196	FEMALE
58	Adelie	Biscoe	40.6	193	MALE
103	Gentoo	Biscoe	47.2	215	FEMALE
34	Chinstrap	Dream	51	203	MALE
131	Adelie	Torgersen	38.5	190	FEMALE
81	Gentoo	Biscoe	49.1	212	FEMALE
52	Chinstrap	Dream	51.4	201	MALE
33	Gentoo	Biscoe	45.1	207	FEMALE
97	Adelie	Dream	38.1	190	FEMALE
67	Gentoo	Biscoe	46.2	214	NA
52	Adelie	Biscoe	40.1	188	MALE
35	Chinstrap	Dream	49.7	195	MALE
26	Adelie	Biscoe	35.3	187	FEMALE
105	Adelie	Biscoe	37.9	193	FEMALE
74	Adelie	Torgersen	45.8	197	MALE
48	Gentoo	Biscoe	50.5	225	MALE
65	Gentoo	Biscoe	45.8	219	FEMALE
72	Adelie	Torgersen	39.7	190	MALE
70	Gentoo	Biscoe	50.7	223	MALE
12	Gentoo	Biscoe	49	216	MALE
41	Chinstrap	Dream	49	210	MALE
47	Gentoo	Biscoe	45.5	210	FEMALE
66	Adelie	Biscoe	41.6	192	MALE
17	Chinstrap	Dream	50.3	197	MALE
68	Adelie	Biscoe	41.1	188	MALE
46	Adelie	Dream	39.6	190	MALE
65	Adelie	Biscoe	36.4	184	FEMALE
43	Chinstrap	Dream	50.9	196	MALE
21	Adelie	Biscoe	37.8	174	FEMALE
141	Adelie	Dream	40.2	193	FEMALE
63	Chinstrap	Dream	45.7	195	FEMALE
115	Adelie	Biscoe	39.6	191	FEMALE
129	Adelie	Torgersen	39	191	FEMALE
56	Adelie	Biscoe	41.4	191	MALE
102	Adelie	Biscoe	41	203	MALE
110	Gentoo	Biscoe	48.1	209	MALE
62	Chinstrap	Dream	46.8	189	FEMALE